3G & 2G Phone MW Hazards Experiments
Bodies, brains and cells affected in form and function by mobile phone radiation
Mobile phone radiation, particularly in the radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) range, has raised concerns about potential health risks due to prolonged exposure. This section synthesizes experimental findings on the biological effects of RF-EMF exposure, focusing on brain function, oxidative stress, histological alterations, and systemic impacts. ...
Emphasis is placed on non-thermal mechanisms, specific exposure parameters, and the role of mitigation strategies. The data underline the necessity for cautious mobile phone usage and further investigation into low-intensity, chronic exposure scenarios.
Mobile phones operating on 2G and 3G networks emit RF-EMFs in the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequency ranges. Despite their widespread deployment and use, these technologies remain the subject of ongoing research into their potential health effects. This section reviews experimental studies examining the consequences of 2G and 3G mobile phone radiation on various biological systems, highlighting mechanisms, observed effects, and implications for public health.
Mechanisms of RF-EMF Interaction:
Non-Thermal Effects:
RF-EMFs induce oxidative stress and disrupt cellular ion homeostasis without significant heating (Mansour et al., 2024).
Modulation of voltage-gated ion channels, particularly calcium and potassium channels, alters neuronal excitability (Grasso et al., 2020).
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Disruption:
Exposure to 900 MHz RF-EMFs decreases BBB integrity, potentially allowing neurotoxic substances to penetrate the brain (Jamil et al., 2023).
Protein Folding and Aggregation:
RF-EMFs influence protein folding dynamics, potentially exacerbating or mitigating aggregation-linked pathologies such as neurodegeneration (Han et al., 2018).
Observed Biological Effects:
Neurological Impacts:
Cognitive impairments and hippocampal damage have been reported in rats exposed to 900 MHz RF-EMFs for 2 hours daily over 15 days, including decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels (Ustunova et al., 2022).
Altered theta and alpha EEG rhythms correlate with RF-EMF exposure, suggesting disrupted brain wave synchronization (Tafakori et al., 2020).
Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage:
Increased malondialdehyde levels and decreased glutathione levels indicate elevated oxidative stress, which contributes to DNA damage and apoptosis in neuronal cells (Sharma et al., 2020).
Histological studies reveal degenerative changes in the hippocampus and cerebellum, including shrunken Purkinje cells and vacuolated neuropil (Han et al., 2018).
Immune System Effects:
RF-EMF exposure modulates cytokine production, enhancing pro-inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α, which may exacerbate inflammatory diseases (Zhao et al., 2019).
Cardiac and Systemic Effects:
Prolonged exposure (60 days) to 1800 MHz RF-EMFs at low intensities induces alterations in heart rate variability and endothelial dysfunction (Ahmed et al., 2018).
RF-EMFs alter circadian rhythm-linked heart rate patterns, potentially affecting long-term cardiac health (Huss et al., 2020).
Developmental and Prenatal Exposure Effects:
Embryonic Development:
Rats prenatally exposed to 900 MHz RF-EMFs show reduced neuronal density and impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes, including delayed migration of granule cells in the cerebellum (Belal et al., 2020).
Behavioral assays reveal hyperactivity-like behaviors in offspring exposed to RF-EMFs during gestation (Narayanan et al., 2018).
Biochemical Alterations in Offspring:
Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and altered neurotransmitter levels, such as decreased dopamine and serotonin, were observed in exposed pups (Shoman et al., 2019).
Reproductive Impacts:
Male rats exposed to RF-EMFs exhibited decreased sperm motility and altered morphology, linked to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (Kesari et al., 2021).
Effects on Endocrine Function:
Hormonal Regulation:
RF-EMFs disrupt melatonin synthesis, reducing levels of this key circadian hormone and increasing oxidative stress in pineal gland cells (Belyaev et al., 2017).
Altered cortisol rhythms have been observed in long-term RF-EMF exposure studies, suggesting effects on stress regulation and adrenal function.
Therapeutic and Mitigation Strategies:
Antioxidants and Nutritional Interventions:
Compounds like vitamin C, thymoquinone, and pomegranate peel extract show protective effects against oxidative damage and neuronal loss induced by RF-EMFs (Yahyazadeh et al., 2020).
Dietary inclusion of date palm fruits enhances antioxidant capacity, offering cytoprotective benefits (Mohamed et al., 2022).
Technological Mitigations:
Limiting SAR (specific absorption rate) through improved phone design and encouraging hands-free device usage may reduce exposure risks.
Shielding materials, such as electromagnetic wave-blocking fabrics, offer additional layers of protection in high-exposure environments.
Discussion: The experimental evidence underscores the complex and multifaceted effects of RF-EMFs, particularly from 2G and 3G mobile phones, on biological systems. The non-thermal mechanisms of action highlight the importance of understanding chronic, low-intensity exposures. While therapeutic strategies offer partial mitigation, a comprehensive approach involving technological improvements, regulatory measures, and public awareness is essential.
Conclusion: Prolonged and intensive use of mobile phones operating on 2G and 3G networks poses potential health risks, particularly to the nervous system and developing organisms. Targeted research into low-intensity exposures, combined with proactive mitigation measures, will be critical in ensuring the safe use of mobile technology.
Keywords: mobile phone radiation, RF-EMF, oxidative stress, brain function, prenatal exposure, mitigation strategies, blood-brain barrier, 2G networks, 3G networks.
-Text generated by AI superficially, for more specific but also more surprising data check the tables below-Very related sections:
↑ text updated (AI generated): 02/01/2025
↓ tables updated (Human): 28/12/2024
Applied Fields - Hazards
3G & 2G (GSM) Phone MW Hazards Experiments
3G & 2G Phone radiation effects on Brain: Various Changes ║ 3G & 2G Phone radiation effects on Brain: EEG Changes ║ 3G & 2G Phone radiation effects on Behavior and Locomotion ║ Prenatal Exposure to 3G & 2G Phone radiation effects on pups Histology ║ Prenatal Exposure to 3G & 2G Phone radiation effects on embryonic Development ║ Prenatal Exposure to 3G & 2G Phone radiation effects on pups Biochemical parameters ║ Prenatal Exposure to 3G & 2G Phone radiation effects on pups Brain and Behavior ║ Prenatal Exposure to 3G & 2G Phone radiation effects on pups (Various changes) ║ Effects of 3G & 2G Phone radiation on Plants Growth ║ Biochemical changes provoked by 3G & 2G Phone radiation: Oxidative Stress ║ Biochemical changes provoked by 3G & 2G Phone radiation: Various ║ Proteome changes provoked by 3G & 2G Mobibe Phone radiation ║ Histopathological and Ultrastructural changes provoked by 3G & 2G Phone radiation ║ 3G & 2G Phone radiation damage on Sperm, Testis and Ovaries ║ Consequences of 3G & 2G Mobile Phone radiation on Heart ║ Cancer as side effect of 3G & 2G Mobile Phone radiation ║ DNA Damage provoked by 3G & 2G Phone radiation ║ Various / Other changes provoked by 3G & 2G Mobile Phone radiation
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| F |  | Radiofrequency waves increase the brain levels of inflammatory biomarkers, neurotrophin and serotonin | 900 MHz - (SAR 0.035 W/kg) | 2-4h/30d |  | 2024-(9) | Mansour Azimzadeh, Fatemeh Radmard, Gholamali Jelodar |
| F | | Effects of head-only exposure to 900 MHz GSM electromagnetic fields in rats: changes in neuronal activity as revealed by c-Fos imaging without concomitant cognitive impairments | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.5-6 W/kg) | 2h/14d |  | 2024-(49) | Bruno Bontempi, Philippe Lévêque, Diane Dubreuil, Thérèse M. Jay, Jean-Marc Edeline |
| F | | Blood-brain Barrier Dysfunction in Wistar Rats Exposed to Multi-transceiver Mobile Radiofrequency, Sound, and Vibrations | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | -/42d | | 2023-(5) | D. U. Jamil, M. I. Umar, A. A. Fasanmade |
| A |  | Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation from Mobile Phones on Auditory Brainstem Response | - | - | | 2023-(1) | Saurabh Varshney, Sumeet Angral, Pradeep Aggarwal, Suresh Sharma, Narendra Kumar, K. S. B. S. Sasanka, Prem Aanand |
| F |  | Mobile Phone Radiation Deflects Brain Energy Homeostasis and Prompts Human Food Ingestion | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.97-1.33 W/kg) | 25m/1d | | 2022-(12) | Ewelina K. Wardzinski, Kamila Jauch-Chara, Sarah Haars, Uwe H. Melchert, Harald G. Scholand-Engler, Kerstin M. Oltmanns |
| A | | Protective effect of Date Palm Fruits (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) versus vitamin C against mobile Phone Radiation-induced Pituitary gland damage in rats ("chemical remedy") | - | 1h/28d | | 2022-(1) | Rasha Mohamed, Maha Abdul Rahman, Sahar Ali, Heba Ahmed |
| A | | Impaired Memory by Hippocampal Oxidative Stress in Rats Exposed to 900 MHz Electromagnetic Fields is Ameliorated by Thymoquinone ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz - 0.009 mW/cm2 | 2h/15d | | 2022-(1) | Savas Ustunova, Aysu Kilic, Huri Bulut, Ebru Gurel-Gurevin, Ali Hikmet Eris, Ismail Meral |
| F |  | Effects of cellular phone electromagnetic field exposure on the hippocampi of rats in childhood and adolescence | 890-915 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 1.12 W/kg (body)) | 2h/21-60d | | 2021-(8) | Zeynep Hatice Okur, Dilek Sağir |
| F | | Effect of Loranthus longiflorus ethanolic Extract on Neuronal Damage Induced by Electromagnetic Radiation in Wistar Rats ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz (GSM) | 2h/28d | | 2021-(7) | Priyadarshini Gouthaman, S. Vijayalakshmi, R. Vijayaraghavan, S. Senthilkumar |
| F | | Evaluation of mobile phone radiation-induced structural changes of rat brain with emphasis on the possible protective role of pomegranate peel extract ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz, 1800 MHz | 1h/60d | | 2020-(12) | S. K. M. Belal, O. K. Afifi, A. A. Afeefy |
| F | | Exposure of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Biochemical and Pathological Alterations | 1800 MHz - 0.0116 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.43 W/kg (brain)) | 4h/90d | | 2020-(9) | Anjali Sharma, Sadhana Shrivastava, Sangeeta Shukla |
| A | | Neuroprotective efficacy of luteolin on a 900-MHz electromagnetic field-induced cerebellar alteration in adult male rat ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz (SAR, specs, 2 W/kg) | 1h/28d | | 2020-(1) | Ahmad Yahyazadeha, Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak |
| A | | Investigating the impact of mobile range electromagnetic radiation on the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat during working memory | 900 MHz | 3h/28d | | 2020-(1) | Shiva Tafakori, Ashkan Farrokhi, Vahid Shalchyan, Mohammad Reza Daliri |
| F | | Effects of Exposures of Mobile Phone Radiation on Cellular Architecture and Redox Status of Mammalian Brain Tissues | 900 MHz | 4-12h/30d | | 2020-(6) | Faromika Oluwayomi Peace |
| F | | Non thermal effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on neural cells | 900 MHz (CW & 50 Hz modulated) - 0.0095 mW/cm2 | 10-20m/1d | | 2020-(3) | Rosaria Grasso, Rosalia Pellitteri, Santi Armando Caravella, Francesco Musumeci, Giuseppina Raciti, Agata Scordino, Giovanni Sposito, Antonio Triglia, Agata Campisi |
| F | | C-glycosyl flavonoid orientin alleviates learning and memory impairment by radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation in mice via improving antioxidant defence mechanism ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz - (SAR, specs, 1.25 W/kg) | 1h/28d | | 2019-(6) | Isaac O. Akefe, Ibrahim L. Yusuf, Victoria A. Adegoke |
| A | | Mobile phone induced cognitive and neurochemical consequences | 2100 MHz | 4h/60d | | 2019-(1) | Anjali Sharma, Samta Sharma, Sadhana Shrivastava, Pramod Kumar Singhal, Sangeeta Shukla |
| A | | Changes in pyramidal and granular neuron numbers in the rat hippocampus 7 days after exposure to a continuous 900-MHz electromagnetic field during early and mid-adolescence | 900 MHz | 1h/25d | | 2019-(1) | Ayşe İkinci Keleş, Jens Randel Nyengaard, Ersan Odacı |
| A | | Investigation of the neuroprotective effects of thymoquinone on rat spinal cord exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic field ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz | 1h/28d | | 2019-(1) | Ahmad Yahyazadeh, Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak |
| F | | The Protective Role of Garlic Aqueous Extract (Allium sativum) against 950MHz Electromagnetic Field Induced Rats Brain Damage ("chemical remedy") | 950 MHz | 1h/21d | | 2019-(14) | H. M. Shoman, R. A. El Sayed, N. A. El-Tahawy, E. M. Nasef |
| F | | The Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Protein Expression of Human Astrocytes | 900 MHz, 1800 MHz | 2h-72h | | 2019-(10) | Muizudin Mahyudin, Wan Nor Hanis Wan Ahmad, Siti Munirah Md. Noh, Noorul Izzati Hanaf, Mohd Zafran Abdul Aziz, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir, Sushil Kumar Vasudevan |
| A | | The chronic effect of pulsed 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation on amino acid neurotransmitters in three different areas of juvenile and young adult rat brain | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.02 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.843 W/kg) | 1h/30-120d | | 2018-(1) | Nawal A. Ahmed, Nasr M. Radwan, Heba S. Aboul Ezz, Yasser A. Khadrawy, Noha A. Salama |
| F | | Hippocampal lipidome and transcriptome profile alterations triggered by acute exposure of mice to GSM 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation: An exploratory study | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.0049-0.0812 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.022-0.366 W/kg) | 2h/1d | | 2018-(18) | Adamantia F. Fragopoulou, Alexandros Polyzos, Maria-Despoina Papadopoulou, Anna Sansone, Areti K. Manta, Evangelos Balafas, Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos, Aikaterini Skouroliakou, Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu, Alexandros Georgakilas, Dimitrios J. Stravopodis, Carla Ferreri, Dimitris Thanos, Lukas H. Margaritis |
| F | | Histological study of the effect of cellular phone electromagnetic wave on the neonatal rat cerebellar cortex (in Corean) | 0.0045 mW/cm2 | 1h/21d | | 2018-(6) | Jung Mi Han, Jae Hyung Park, Sung Min Nam, Da Eun Lee, Sung Chuel Ahn, Jin Seok Seo, Jong Hwan Lee, Sang Seop Nahm, Nong Hoon Choe, Byung Joon Chang |
| F | | Effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic radiations (RF-EMR) on cerebral cortex of albino rats-a light and electron microscopic study | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | 1-2h/45d | | 2018-(7) | Faisal Taufiq, Mohit Srivastava |
| A | | Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure effects on amygdala morphology, place preference behavior and brain caspase-3 activity in rats | 900 MHz - (SAR, specs, 1.15 W/kg) | 1h/28d | | 2018-(1) | Sareesh Naduvil Narayanan, Nirupam Mohapatra, Pamala John, Nalini K., Raju Suresh Kumara, Satheesha B. Nayakc, P. Gopalakrishna Bhat |
| F | | Long term exposure to cell phone frequencies (900 and 1800 MHz) induces apoptosis, mitochondrial oxidative stress and TRPV1 channel activation in the hippocampus and dorsal root ganglion of rats | 900 MHz (GSM), 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.032 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.15 W/kg (body)) | 1h/260d | | 2018-(11) | Kemal Ertilav, Fuat Uslusoy, Serdar Ataizi, Mustafa Nazıroğlu |
| F | | The effect of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on brain vessels | 900 MHz (GSM) | 7min/1d | | 2017-(3) | M. A. Malikova, A. O. Kaliaev, A. A. Sukhoruchkin, A. S. Bakhmetev |
| A | | Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and stereological analysis of the effect of Ginkgo biloba (Egb761) on the hippocampus of rats exposed to long-term cellphone radiation ("chemical remedy") | (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.89 W/kg) | 4h/30d | | 2017-(1) | Fikret Gevrek |
| A | | Effects of acute and chronic exposure to both 900MHz and 2100MHz electromagnetic radiation on glutamate receptor signaling pathway (hippocampus) | 900 MHz (GSM), 2100 MHz (UMTS) - 0.33 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.66 W/kg (brain), 0.27 W/kg (brain)) | 2h/5-50d | | 2017-(1) | Çiğdem Gökçek-Saraç, Hakan Er, Ceren Kencebay Manas, Deniz Kantar Gok, Şükrü Özen, Narin Derin |
| F | | Impact of electromagnetic irradiation produced by 3G mobile phone on brain neurotransmitters in mice during growth and development period | 1800 MHz (GSM) | 1.5-3h/28d | | 2017-(5) | Fengming Li, Jin Chang, Yinggang Lv, Dianguo Xu, Jianhua Chen, Xuewen Sun |
| F | | Effects of 900-MHz radiation on the hippocampus and cerebellum of adult rats and attenuation of such effects by folic acid and Boswellia sacra ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz | 1h/21d | | 2017-(9) | Elfide Gizem Kivrak, Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak, Isinsu Alkan, Kiymet Kubra Yurt, Adem Kocaman, Mehmet Emin Onger |
| A | | Long-term exposure to a continuous 900 MHz electromagnetic field disrupts cerebellar morphology in young adult male rats | 900 MHz - 0.045 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.01 W/kg (body)) | 1h/45d | | 2017-(1) | A. Aslan, A. İkinci, O. Baş, O.F. Sönmez, H. Kaya, E. Odacı |
| F | | Cerebellar histopathological and histochemical alterations induced by electromagnetic field exposure of mice | 900-1800 MHz - (SAR, specs, 0.78 W/kg) | 45min/30d | | 2017-(15) | Somaia A. Negm, Amr M. Abd El-Hady, Noha N. Yassen, Alhusain Nagm |
| F | | Effect of Low Level Subchronic Microwave Radiation on Rat Brain | 900-2450 MHz (CW) - (SAR 0.00059-0.00066 W/kg) | 2h/65d | | 2016-(10) | Pravin Suryakantrao Deshmukh, Kanu Megha, Namita Nasare, Basu Dev Banerjee, Rafat Sultana Ahmed, Mahesh Pandurang Abegaonkar, Ashok Kumar Tripathi, Pramod Kumari Mediratta |
| A | | Age-dependent acute interference with stem and progenitor cell proliferation in the hippocampus after exposure to 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation | 1800 MHz | 8h/3d | | 2016-(1) | Falin Xu, Qiongdan Bai, Kai Zhou, Li Ma, Jiajia Duan, Fangli Zhuang, Cuicui Xie, Wenli Li, Peng Zou, Changlian Zhu |
| F | | Effects of Long Term Exposure of 900-1800 MHz Radiation Emitted from 2G Mobile Phone on Mice Hippocampus- A Histomorphometric Study | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 1.6 W/kg (10g)) | 48m/30-180d | | 2016-(6) | N. Mugunthan, K. Shanmugasamy, J. Anbalagan, S. Rajanarayanan, S. Meenachi |
| A | | Pernicious effects of long-term, continuous 900-MHz electromagnetic field throughout adolescence on hippocampus morphology, biochemistry and pyramidal neuron numbers in 60-day-old Sprague Dawley male rats | 900 MHz | 1h/39d | | 2016-(1) | Gökçen Kerimoğlu, Hatice Hancı, Orhan Baş, Ali Aslan, Hüseyin Serkan Erol, Alpgiray Turgut, Haydar Kaya, Soner Çankaya, Osman Fikret Sönmez, Ersan Odacı |
| A | | Deleterious impacts of a 900-MHz electromagnetic field on hippocampal pyramidal neurons of 8-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats | 900 MHz | 1h/30d | | 2015-(1) | Arzu Şahin, Ali Aslan, Orhan Baş, Ayşe İkinci, Cansu Özyılmaz, Osman Fikret Sönmez, Serdar Çolakoğlu, Ersan Odaci |
| F | | Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation from Smartphones on Learning Ability and Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Proliferation in Mice | - | - | | 2015-(6) | Yu-Jin Choi, Yun-Sik Choi |
| A | | Exposure to 900MHz electromagnetic fields activates the mkp-1/ERK pathway and causes blood-brain barrier damage and cognitive impairment in rats | 900 MHz (CW) - 1 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.016-2 W/kg (body-head)) | 3h/14-28d | | 2015-(1) | Jun Tang, Yuan Zhang, Liming Yang, Qianwei Chen, Liang Tan, Shilun Zuo, Hua Feng, Zhi Chen, Gang Zhu |
| F | | Frequent cellular phone use modifies hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to a cellular phone call after mental stress in healthy children and adolescents: A pilot study | (GSM & 3G) - (SAR 0.26-0.57 W/kg) | 5min/1d | | 2015-(7) | Styliani A. Geronikolou, Aikaterini Chamakou, Aimilia Mantzou, George Chrousos, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein |
| F | | Does the Brain Detect 3G Mobile Phone Radiation Peaks? An Explorative In-Depth Analysis of an Experimental Study | (3G) - (SAR, specs, 0.69 W/kg (head)) | 15min/1d | | 2015-(11) | Suzanne Roggeveen, Jim van Os, Richel Lousberg |
| F | | Effect of Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation on Monoamine Neurotransmitters and Their Key Regulating Enzymes in Rat Brain | 900-1800 MHz - (SAR 0.00059 W/kg) | 2h/30d | | 2015-(8) | Kanu Megha, Pravin S. Deshmukh, Alok K. Ravi, Ashok K. Tripathi, Mahesh P. Abegaonkar, Basu D. Banerjee |
| F | | The effects of mobile phones on apoptosis in cerebral tissue: an experimental study on rats | 1900-2100 MHz - 0.001-0.081 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.004-0.28 W/kg (brain)) | 7 x 5min/28d | | 2014-(9) | A. Yilmaz, N. Yilmaz, Y. Serarslan, M. Aras, M. Altas, T. Özgür, F. Sefil |
| F | | Biochemical Modifications and Neuronal Damage in Brain of Young and Adult Rats After Long-Term Exposure to Mobile Phone Rasdiations | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 1.13 W/kg) | 2h/60d | | 2014-(11) | Tarek K. Motawi, Hebatallah A. Darwish , Yasser M. Moustafa, Mohammed M. Labib |
| F | | Evaluation of oxidant stress and antioxidant defense in discrete brain regions of rats exposed to 900 MHz radiation | 900 MHz (GSM) - max. 0.146 mW/cm2 | 1h/28d | | 2014-(7) | S. N. Narayanan, R. S. Kumar, V. Kedage, K. Nalini, S. Nayak, P. G. Bhat |
| A | | Long term and excessive use of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation alter microRNA expression in brain | 900 MHz (GSM) (SAR 0.19-0.14 W/kg (1g-brain)) | 3h/365d | | 2014-(1) | Suleyman Dasdag, Mehmet Zulkuf Akdag, Mehmet Emin Erdal, Nurten Erdal, Ozlem Izci Ay, Mustafa Ertan Ay, Senay Gorucu Yilmaz, Bahar Tasdelen, Korkut Yegin |
| F | | Effects of cell phone radiation on migration of granule cells in rat cerebellum | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | 30min, 2h, 8h/1d | | 2014-(8) | Hiva Mohammadi Bolbanabad, Mohammad Reza Kaffashian, Daryoush Fatehi, Ayoob Rostamzadeh |
| F | | Effects of mobile phone radiation (900 MHz radiofrequency) on structure and functions of rat brain | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.99 W/kg) | 4h/15d | | 2014-(8) | Nidhi Saikhedkar, Maheep Bhatnagar, Ayushi Jain, Pooja Sukhwal, Chhavi Sharma, Neha Jaiswal |
| F | | The effect of pulsed electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone on the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in four different areas of rat brain | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.02 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.84 W/kg) | 1h/30, 60, 120d | | 2013-(7) | H.S. Aboul Ezz, Y.A. Khadrawy, N.A. Ahmed, N.M. Radwan, M.M. El Bakry |
| F | | Effect of 3G Cell Phone Exposure with Computer Controlled 2-D Stepper Motor on Non-thermal Activation of the hsp27/p38MAPK Stress Pathway in Rat Brain | 2115 MHz (3G) - (SAR 0.26 W/kg) | 2h/60d | | 2013-(14) | Kavindra Kumar Kesari, Ramovatar Meena, Jayprakash Nirala, Jitender Kumar, H. N. Verma |
| F | | InVitro Exposure of Neuronal Networks to a GSM-1800 Signal | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 3.2 W/kg) | 3min/1d | | 2013-(8) | Daniela Moretti, Andre Garenne, Emmanuelle Haro, Florence Poulletier de Gannes, Isabelle Lagroye, Philippe Léveque, Bernard Veyret, Noelle Lewis |
| F | | Effects of long-term electromagnetic field exposure on spatial learning and memory in rats | 916 MHz (CW) - 1 mW/cm2 | 6h/50d | | 2013-(8) | Dongmei Hao, Lei Yang, Su Chen, Jun Tong, Yonghao Tian, Benhang Su, Shuicai Wu, Yanjun Zeng |
| F | | Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations (RF-EMR) on sector CA3 of hippocampus in albino rats- A light and electron-microscopic study | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | 20min-2h/28d | | 2013-(6) | Khursheed Faridi, Aijaz Ahmed Khan |
| F | | Early Postnatal Mobile Phone (900 MHz) Exposure Affects Superoxide and Catalase Enzyme Activity in Rat Brain Tissue (in Farsi) | (GSM) | - | | 2013-(9) | Mohammad Reza Bigdeli, Mehdi Rahnama |
| F |  | Effects of electromagnetic radiation on spatial memory and synapses in rat hippocampal CA1 | 900 MHz (GSM)- (SAR 0.52-1.08 W/kg) | 2h/30d | | 2012-(8) | Yuhong Li, Changhua Shi, Guobing Lu, Qian Xu, Shaochen Liu |
| F | | Effect of Exposure of 900 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation on Rat Brain | 900 MHz (2G CDMA) - (SAR, specs, 1.09 W/kg (head)) | 4h, 8h/60d | | 2012-(6) | M. R. Usikalu, S. O. Rotimi, A. E. Oguegbu |
| F | | The effects of long term exposure of magnetic field via 900-MHz GSM radiation on some biochemical parameters and brain histology in rats | 900 MHz (GSM) | 30min/80d + prenat. | | 2012-(13) | Saadet D. Celikozlu, M. Sabri Ozyurt, Ali Cimbiz, Melda Y. Yardimoglu, M. Kasim Cayci, Yusuf Ozay |
| F | | "Non-thermal" Effects on the Blood-Brain Barrier in Fischer rats by exposure to microwaves | 915 MHz (CW, GSM, & others)- SAR 0.0002-2 W/kg) | 2 to 910min/1d | | 2012-(39) | Bertil Persson, Lars Malmgren, Arne Brun, Jacob Eberhardt, Henrietta Nittby, Leif Salford |
| A | | Effects of radiofrequency radiation exposure on blood-brain barrier permeability in male and female rats | 900-1800 MHz (CW) - (SAR 0.0042-0.0014 W/kg) | 20min/1d | | 2011-(1) | Bahriye Sirav, Nesrin Seyhan |
| F | | Effects of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Signal Exposure on Brain Glucose Metabolism | 837 MHz - (SAR, specs, 0.9 W/kg (head)) | 50min/1d | | 2011-(14) | Nora D. Volkow, Dardo Tomasi, Gene-Jack Wang, Paul Vaska, Joanna S. Fowler, Frank Telang, Dave Alexoff, Jean Logan, Christopher Wong |
| F | | Effect of Ginseng on Calretinin Expression in Mouse Hippocampus Following Exposure to 835 MHz Radiofrequency ("chemical remedy") | 835 MHz - (SAR 1.6 W/kg (body)) | 5h/5d | | 2011-(11) | Bijay Aryal, Dhiraj Maskey, Myeung-Ju Kim, Jae-Won Yang, and Hyung-Gun Kim |
| F | | 900-MHz microwave radiation promotes oxidation in rat brain | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.9 W/kg) | 2h/45d | | 2011-(16) | Kavindra Kumar Kesari, Sanjay Kumar, Jitendra Behari |
| F | | Increased blood–brain barrier permeability in mammalian brain 7 days after exposure to the radiation from a GSM-900 mobile phone | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.00012-0.12 W/kg) | 2h/1d | | 2009-(10) | Henrietta Nittby, Arne Brun, Jacob Eberhardt, Lars Malmgren, Bertil R.R. Persson, Leif G. Salford |
| F | | Effects from 884 MHz mobile phone radiofrequency on brain electrophysiology, sleep, cognition, and well-being | 884 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 1.4 W/kg (10g)) | 3h/1d | | 2009-(4) | Bengt B. Arnetz, Lena Hillert, Torbjörn Åkerstedt, Arne Lowden, Niels Kuster, Sven Ebert, Clementine Boutry, Scott Douglas Moffat, Mats Berg, Clairy Wiholm |
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| F | | Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on brain waves in healthy volunteers | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.0076 mW/cm2 | 18m/1d | | 2023-(10) | Johan N. van der Meer, Yke B. Eisma, Ronald Meester, Marc Jacobs, Aart J. Nederveen |
| A | | Theta band brainwaves in human resting EEG modulated by mobile phone radiofrequency | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.49 W/kg (10g)) | - | | 2023-(1) | Jasmina Wallace, Wendi Shang, Christophe Gitton, Laurent Hugueville, Lydia Yahia-Cherif, Brahim Selmaoui |
| F | | Modulation of magnetoencephalography alpha band activity by radiofrequency electromagnetic field depicted in sensor and source space | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.49 W/kg (10g)) | 25m/1d | | 2021-(17) | Jasmina Wallace, Lydia Yahia-Cherif, Christophe Gitton, Laurent Hugueville, Jean-Didier Lemaréchal, Brahim Selmaoui |
| A | | Experimental Study of Potential Adverse Effects on the Auditory System of Rabbits Exposed to Short-Term GSM-1800 Radiation | 1800 MHz (GSM) | 1-60m/1d | | 2020-(1) | Antigoni E. Kaprana, Ioannis O. Vardiambasis, Theodoros N. Kapetanakis, Melina P. Ioannidou, Christos D. Nikolopoulos, Grigorios E. Lyronis |
| F | | The effect of short-term electromagnetic fields caused by mobile phones on the electrical activity of alpha and beta brain waves | 900 MHz - 0.00118 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.34 W/kg (10g)) | 3min/1d | | 2020-(5) | Mehmet Cihan Yavaş |
| F | | Effect of Mobile Phone Radiation on EEG Wave | 900-1800 MHz | - | | 2019-(5) | D. S. Bhangari, A. C. Bhagali, R. V. Kshirsagar |
| F | | Impact analysis of mobile phone electromagnetic radiations on human electroencephalogram | (GSM & 3G WCDMA) - (SAR, specs, 0.67-1.14 W/kg) | - | | 2019-(12) | Suman Pattnaik, Balwinder Singh Dhaliwal, S. S. Pattnaik |
| F | | Decreased spontaneous electrical activity in neuronal networks exposed to radiofrequency 1,800 MHz signals | 1800 MHz (GSM & CW) - (SAR 0.01-9.2 W/kg) | 15min/17-28d | | 2018-(11) | Corinne El Khoueiry, Daniela Moretti, Rémy Renom, Francesca Camera, Rosa Orlacchio, André Garenne, Florence Poulletier De Gannes, Emmanuelle Poque-Haro, Isabelle Lagroye, Bernard Veyret, Noëlle Lewis |
| F | | Mobile Phone Chips Reduce Increases in EEG Brain Activity Induced by Mobile Phone-Emitted Electromagnetic Fields ("physical remedy") | - | 30min/1d | | 2018-(11) | Diana Henz, Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn, Burkhard Poeggeler |
| F | | Energy Changes in Brain Under Mobile Phone Radiation | (GSM & CDMA) - (SAR, specs, 0.84-1.12 W/kg) | 5min/1d | | 2016-(6) | C. K. Smitha, N. K. Narayanan |
| F | | Impacts of radio frequency interference on human brain waves and neuro-psychological changes | 1800 MHz (CW) - 0.009 mW/cm2 | 5min/1d | | 2015-(6) | Y. Q. He, S. W. Leung,; Y. L. Diao, W. N. Sun, Y. M. Siu, P. Sinha, K. H. Chan |
| F | | Radiofrequency signal affects alpha band in resting electroencephalogram | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.49-0.70-0.93 W/kg (10g-1g-peak)) | 26min/1d | | 2015-(8) | Rania Ghosn, Lydia Yahia-Cherif, Laurent Hugueville, Antoine Ducorps, Jean-Didier Lemaréchal, György Thuróczy, René de Seze, Brahim Selmaoui |
| F | | EEG Changes Due to Experimentally Induced 3G Mobile Phone Radiation | (3G) - (SAR, specs, 0.69 W/kg (head)) | 15min/1d | | 2015-(13) | Suzanne Roggeveen, Jim van Os, Wolfgang Viechtbauer, Richel Lousberg |
| F | | Brain Dynamics under Mobile Phone Radiation Using Various Fractal Dimension Methods | (SAR, specs, 0.98-1.3 W/kg) | 5 + 5min/1d | | 2014-(15) | C.K. Smitha, N.K. Narayanan |
| F | | Brain Dynamics under Mobile Phone Radiation – A Wavelet Power Approach | (SAR, specs, 0.98-1.3 W/kg) | 5 + 5min/1d | | 2014-(6) | C.K. Smitha, N.K. Narayanan |
| F | | Non-thermal continuous and modulated electromagnetic radiation fields effects on sleep EEG of rats | 900 MHz (8-16 Hz modulated) - 0.025 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.245 W/kg (1g)) | 1h/30d | | 2013-(7) | Haitham S. Mohammed, Heba M. Fahmy, Nasr M. Radwan, Anwar A. Elsayed |
| F | | Classification of brainwave asymmetry influenced by mobile phone radiofrequency emission | (SAR, specs, 0.69 W/kg) | 5min/1d | | 2013-(8) | R.M. Isa, I. Pasya, M.N. Taib, A.H. Jahidin, W.R.W. Omar, N. Fuad, H. Norhazman, S.B. Kutty, S.F.S. Adnan |
| F | | Detecting Effects Of Mobile Phone EMF On Electric Potentials Of The Brain | (GSM) | 30min/1d | | 2012-(4) | I.A. Menon, A.A. Menon, N. Channa, I.H. Kalwar |
| F | | Long-term low-level electromagnetic radiation causes changes in EEG of freely-moving rats | 900 MHz - 0.02 mW/cm2 (SAR 1.165 W/kg) | 1h/30d, 60d, 120d | | 2011-(9) | H.S. Mohammed, N.M. Radwan, Nawal A. Ahmed |
| A | | Mobile phone emission modulates event-related desynchronization of alpha rhythms and cognitive–motor performance in healthy humans | 902.4 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.5 W/kg) | 45min/1d | | 2011-(8) | Fabrizio Vecchio, Paola Buffo, Silvia Sergio, Daniela Iacoviello, Paolo Maria Rossini |
| F | | Effects of 2G and 3G mobile phones on performance and electrophysiology in adolescents, young adults and older adults | (GSM & 3G) | 10-60m/1d | | 2011-(47) | S. Leung, R.J. Croft, R.J. McKenzie, S. Iskra, B. Silber, N.R. Cooper, B. O’Neill, V. Cropley, A. Diaz-Trujillo, D. Hamblin, D. Simpson |
| A | | Mobile phone emission modulates inter-hemispheric functional coupling of EEG alpha rhythms in elderly compared to young subjects | (GSM) | 45min/1d | | 2010-(1) | F. Vecchio, C. Babiloni, F. Ferreri, P. Buffo, G. Cibelli, G. Curcio, S. van Dijkman, J.M. Melgari, F. Giambattistelli, P.M. Rossini. |
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| F | | Lipoic acid inhibits cognitive impairment induced by multiple cell phones in young male rats: role of Sirt1 and Atg7 pathway ("chemical remedy") | 850-1900 MHz (GSM) | 2h/72d | | 2023-(17) | Bataa M. A. El‐Kafoury, Enas A. Abdel‐Hady, Wesam El Bakly, Wael M. Elayat, Ghada Galal Hamam, Samar M. M. Abd El Rahman, Noha N. Lasheen |
| F | | Research for self-reported health problems after excessive talking time on mobile phones among university students | - | - | | 2023-(9) | Leonidas Gavrilas, Konstantinos T. Kotsis |
| F | | Locomotor Activity of Ixodes ricinus Females in 900 MHz Electromagnetic Field | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.0001 mW/cm2 | 2h/1d | | 2022-(11) | Blažena Vargová, Igor Majláth, Juraj Kurimský, Roman Cimbala, Ján Zbojovský, Piotr Tryjanowski, Viktoria Majláthová |
| F | | The association of smart mobile phone usage with cognitive function impairment in Saudi adult population | - | - | | 2020-(6) | Thamir M. Al-khlaiwi, Syed Shahid Habib, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Mohammed S. Alqhtani, Abeer A. Ogailan |
| F | | The Influence of Electromagnetic Fields on the Behavior of Mice | - | 70d | | 2020-(13) | Roberto Carlos Vera, Israel Muñoz |
| F | | The influence of electromagnetic radiation of cell phones on the behavior of animals | - | 8h/1d | | 2020-(7) | Innar Sultangaliyeva, Raikhan Beisenova, Rumiya Tazitdinova, Akhan Abzhalelov, Marat Khanturin |
| F | | Sleep loss among Thai high school students smartphone users affected by smartphone electromagnetic pollution: Time series study | - | - | | 2020-(11) | Wanna Chongchitpaisan, Phongtape Wiwatanadate, Assawin Narkpongphun, Surat Tanprawate, Nipapon Siripon |
| F | | Formation of personality character accentuations in modern conditions of the increased electromagnetic radiation of radiofrequency range (in Russian) | - | - | | 2020-(5) | Serhieieva Liubov, Valchenko Oleksandr, Serhieieva Victoriya, Hliebova Olena |
| F | | Toxic Systemic Hazards of Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted By Smartphone: A National Survey in Great Cairo Governorate | - | - | | 2019-(14) | Nancy M. Zaghloul, Asmaa S. El Banna |
| F | | Mobile phones, user behaviour, radiation effects and cognitive performance | - | - | | 2019-(406) | Jo Fowler |
| F | | Dataset on significant role of Candesartan on cognitive functions in rats having memory impairment induced by electromagnetic waves ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.165 mW/cm2 | 24h/35d | | 2018-(5) | Mohamad Nasser, Pia Chedid, Ali Salami, Mariam Khalifeh, Said El Shamieh, Wissam H. Joumaa |
| A | | Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure and sleep in adolescents | - | - | | 2018-(1) | Alba Cabré, Martine Vrijheid, Elisabeth Cardis, Maties Torrent, Mònica Guxens |
| F | | Effects of short and long term electromagnetic fields exposure on the human hippocampus | - | - | | 2017-(7) | Omur Gulsum Deniz, Suleyman Kaplan, Mustafa Bekir Selçuk, Murat Terzi, Gamze Altun, Kıymet Kübra Yur, Kerim Asla, Devra Davis |
| F | | Ticks and radio-frequency signals: behavioural response of ticks (Dermacentor reticulatus) in a 900 MHz electromagnetic field | 900 MHz - 0.00007 mW/cm2 | 15m/1d | | 2017-(11) | Blažena Vargová, Juraj Kurimský, Roman Cimbala, Michal Kosterec, Igor Majláth, Natália Pipová, Piotr Tryjanowski, Łukasz Jankowiak, Viktória Majláthová |
| F | | Neurobehavioural Changes and Brain Oxidative Stress Induced by Acute Exposure to GSM900 Mobile Phone Radiations in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 1.34 W/kg) | 1h/14d | | 2016-(10) | Abhijit Nirwane, Vinay Sridhar, Anuradha Majumdar |
| A | | Does the cellphone radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation during ringing or talking modes induce locomotor disturbance in Drosophila melanogaster? | - | 1h, 2h/1d | | 2016-(1) | Mervat A. Seada, Samar E. Elkholy, Wesam S. Meshrif |
| F | | Cell phone-generated radio frequency electromagnetic field effects on the locomotor behaviors of the fishes Poecilia reticulata and Danio rerio | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.9 W/kg) | 3min/1d | | 2015-(9) | David Lee, Joshua Lee, Imshik Lee |
| F | | Effect of Short-Term GSM Radiation at Representative Levels in Society on a Biological Model: The Ant Myrmica sabuleti | 940 MHz (GSM) - 0.0006 mW/cm2 | 10-13min/1d | | 2014-(13) | Marie-Claire Cammaerts, Guy A. E. Vandenbosch, Vladimir Volski |
| F | | Spatial learning, monoamines and oxidative stress in rats exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic field in combination with iron overload | 900 MHz - (SAR 0.05-0.18 W/kg) | 1h/21d | | 2014-(10) | Karima Maaroufia, Laurence Had-Aissouni, Christophe Melon, Mohsen Sakly, Hafedh Abdelmelek, Bruno Poucet, Etienne Save |
| A | | Transient and cumulative memory impairments induced by GSM 1.8 GHz cell phone signal in a mouse model | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.11 W/kg) | 1.5h/66d, 148d | | 2013-(1) | Maria P. Ntzouni, Aikaterini Skouroliakou, Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos, and Lukas H. Margaritis |
| F | | Analysis of emotionality and locomotion in radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation exposed rats | 900 MHz (GSM) - max. 0.14 mW/cm2 | 1h/28d | | 2013-(8) | Sareesh Naduvil Narayanan, Raju Suresh Kumar, Jaijesh Paval, Vivekananda Kedage, M. Shankaranarayana Bhat, Satheesha Nayak, P. Gopalakrishna Bhat |
| F | | Protective effect of Loranthus longiflorus on learning and memory of rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) ("chemical remedy") | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | (5 min call/5 min off) 1h/60d | | 2013-(4) | Hemant Nagar, Dilip Kumar Tiwari, Gaurav Dwivedi, Rishi Kant Tripathi, Jitendra Jena |
| F | | Loranthus longiflorus protect central nervous system against oxidative damages of electromagnetic radiation on rat ("chemical remedy") | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | (5 min call/5 min off) 1h/60d | | 2013-(4) | Hemant Nagar, Dilip Kumar Tiwari, Gaurav Dwivedi, Rishi Kant Tripathi, Jitendra Jena |
| F | | The Effect of Cell Phone Radiations on the Life Cycle of Honeybees | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) 0.015 mW/cm2 | - | | 2013-(7) | Nashaat El Halabi, Roger Achkar, Gaby Abou Haidab |
| F | | Food collection and response to pheromones in an ant species exposed to electromagnetic radiation | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.00016 mW/cm2 | - | | 2012-(18) | Marie-Claire Cammaerts, Zoheir Rachidi, François Bellens, Philippe De Doncker |
| F | | 916 MHz electromagnetic field exposure affects rat behavior and hippocampal neuronal discharge | 916 MHz - 1 mW/cm2 | 6h/10d, 45d | | 2012-(5) | Dongmei Hao, Lei Yang, Su Chen, Yonghao Tian, Shuicai Wu |
| F | | Changes in Paramecium caudatum (Protozoa) near a switched-on GSM telephone | 900 MHz (GSM) | 2min/1d | | 2011-(10) | Marie-Claire Cammaerts, Olivier Debeir, Roger Cammaerts |
| A | | Short-term memory in mice is affected by mobile phone radiation | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.22 W/kg) | 90min/17d, 31d | | 2011-(7) | M.P. Ntzouni, A. Stamatakis, F. Stylianopoulou, L.H. Margaritis |
| F | | Whole body exposure with GSM 900 MHz affects spatial memory in mice | 900 MHz - 0.05-0.2 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.41-0.98 W/kg (brain)) | 2h/3d + 3h45m/1d | | 2010-(9) | A.F. Fragopoulou, P. Miltiadous, A. Stamatakis, F. Stylianopoulou, S.L. Koussoulakos, L.H. Margaritis |
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| F | | Effects of Electromagnetic Field (1.8/0.9 GHz) Exposure on Spleen in Rats | 900/1800 MHz (GSM) | 24h/20d | | 2023-(5) | Ilker Kiziloglu, Yeliz Yilmaz, Levent Tumkaya, Dilek Akakin, Dila Sener Akcor |
| F | | The effect of electromagnetic radiation on the development of skin ultrastructural and inmunohistochemical evaluation with P63 | 900 MHz (GSM) | 1h/21d | | 2018-(8) | Leyla Bahar, Ayhan Eralp, Yilmaz Rumevleklioglu, Sema Erden Erturk, Mehmet Yuncu |
| F | | Effect of Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from 2G and 3G Cell Phone on Developing Liver of Chick Embryo – A Comparative Study | (2G & 3G) - (SAR, specs, 0.31 W/kg) | 75min/12d | | 2017-(5) | Mary Hydrina D’Silva, Rijied Thompson Swer, J. Anbalagan, Bhargavan Rajesh |
| A | | Disruption of the ovarian follicle reservoir of prepubertal rats following prenatal exposure to a continuous 900-MHz electromagnetic field | 900 MHz - (SAR 0.01 W/kg (body)) | 1h/9d | | 2016-(10) | Sibel Türedi, Hatice Hancı, Serdar Colakoglu, Haydar Kaya, Ersan Odacı |
| F | | Effects of prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field on 60-day-old rat testis and epididymal sperm quality | 900 MHz - 0.047 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.024 W/kg (body)) | 1h/9d | | 2015-(12) | E. Odacı, H. Hancı, E. Yuluğ, S. Türedi, Y. Aliyazıcıoğlu, H. Kaya, S. Çolakoğlu |
| F | | Effects of Cell Phone Radiations on the Metanephros Tubules in a Chick Embryo Model | (GSM) & (GSM + WiFi) | 15min, 30min/15d | | 2015-(5) | Sabah Rehman, Shadab Ahmed Butt, Naureen Waseem, Hina Kundi, Abdul Rasool Qamar |
| A | | Structural changes in the parotid gland of male albino rats following prenatal and postnatal exposure to radiofrequency radiation | 900 MHz | 30min/14d, 28d | | 2015-(1) | Amira Fathy, Rehab A. Rifaai, Ahmed Said, Saadia Ragab |
| F | | The effects of prenatal long-duration exposure to 900-MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old newborn male rat liver | 900 MHz - 0.054 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.027 W/kg (body)) | 1h/9d | | 2015-(7) | Zehra Topal, Hatice Hanci, Tolga Mercantepe, Hüseyin Serkan Erol, Osman Nuri Keles, Haydar Kaya, Sevdegül Mungan, Ersan Odaci |
| F | | Pathological effects of prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old male rat kidney | 900 MHz - 0.049 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.024 W/kg (body)) | 1h/9d | | 2015-(9) | E. Odacı, D. Ünal, T. Mercantepe, Z. Topal, H. Hancı, S. Türedi, H.S. Erol, S. Mungan, H. Kaya, S. Çolakoğlu |
| F | | The effect of exposure of rats during prenatal period to radiation spreading from mobile phones on renal development | 900 MHz (GSM) | 24h/20d | | 2014-(5) | Recep Bedir, Levent Tumkaya, İbrahim Şehitoğlu, Yıldıray Kalkan, Adnan Yilmaz, Osman Zikrullah Şahin |
| F | | Effect of Ultrahigh Frequency Radiation Emitted from 2G Cell Phone on Developing Lens of Chick Embryo: A Histological Study | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 2 W/kg) | 72min/9-12d | | 2014-(10) | Mary Hydrina D’Silva, Rijied Thompson Swer, J. Anbalagan, Rajesh Bhargavan |
| F | | Apoptosis resulted from radiofrequency radiation exposure of pregnant rabbits and their infants | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.051 mW/cm2 | 15m/7d | | 2011-(8) | Goknur Guler, Elcin Ozgur, Hikmet Keles, Arin Tomruk, Sevil Atalay Vural, Nesrin Seyhan |
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| A | | Detrimental effects of electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phone on embryo morphokinetics and blastocyst viability in mice | 900-1800 MHz | 30m/1d | | 2024-(1) | Mohammad Seify, Mohammad Ali Khalili, Fatemeh Anbari, Yeganeh Koohestanidehaghi |
| F | | Morphometric analysis – effect of the radiofrequency interface of electromagnetic field on the size of hatched Dermacentor reticulatus larvae | 900 MHz - 0.0001 mW/cm2 | 30-90min/1d | | 2021-(7) | Blažena Vargová, Igor Majlath, Juraj Kurimský, Roman Cimbala, Natalia Pipova, Jozef Živčák, Piotr Tryjanowski, Branislav Peťko, Jaroslav Džmura, Gabriela Ižariková, Viktoria Majláthová |
| A | | Mobile phone use during pregnancy: which association with fetal growth? | - | - | | 2020-(1) | Nathalie Boileau, François Margueritte, Tristan Gauthier, Nedjma Boukeffa, Pierre-Marie Preux, Anaïs Labrunie, Yves Aubard |
| F | | Effects of Electromagnetic Field on the Development of Chick Embryo: An In Vivo Study | 1800 MHz (GSM) | 20 min/10-15d | | 2019-(18) | Najam Siddiqi, Nasser Al Nazwani |
| F | | The effect of prenatal exposure to 1800 MHz electromagnetic field on calcineurin and bone development in rats | 1800 MHz (GSM) | 6h, 12h, 24h /pregnancy | | 2016-(10) | Adem Erkut, Levent Tumkaya, Mehmet Sabri Balik, Yildiray Kalkan, Yilmaz Guvercin, Adnan Yilmaz, Suleyman Yuce, Erkan Cure, Ibrahim Sehitoglu |
| F | | Different periods of intrauterine exposure to electromagnetic field: Influence on female rats' fertility, prenatal and postnatal development | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.396 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.048 W/kg (body)) | 1h, 2h/ 7d, 14d, 21d | | 2016-(10) | Ali S.H. Alchalabi, Erkihun Aklilu, Abd Rahman Aziz, F. Malek, S.H. Ronald, Mohd Azam Khan |
| A | | The effect of 900 and 1800 MHz GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation and nicotsine sulfate administration on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 1 W/kg (body)) | 4h, 6h, 8h/1d | | 2015-(13) | Ayper Boga, Mustafa Emre, Yasar Sertdemir, Kubra Akillioglu, Secil Binokay, Osman Demirhan |
| F | | Effects of Mobile Phone 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Field on the Development of Chick Embryos – A Pilot Study | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.47-1.10 W/kg (body-head)) | 50min/1d | | 2015-(5) | Najam Siddiqi, Muthusami John C, Syed M Saud, Ayesha Shafaq, Marwan Zaki |
| F | | The Effects of 900 Megahertz Electromagnetic Field Applied in the Prenatal Period on Spinal Cord Morphology and Motor Behavior in Female Rat Pups | 900 MHz - 0.026 mW/cm2 | 1h/7d | | 2013-(9) | Ersan Odacı, Ayşe İkinci, Mehmet Yıldırım, Haydar Kaya, Metehan Akça, Hatice Hancı, Osman Fikret Sönmez, Ali Aslan, Mukadder Okuyan, Orhan Baş |
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| F | | Impact of GSM-EMW exposure on the markers of oxidative stress in fetal rat liver | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.165 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.76 W/kg in liver) | 24h/ pregnancy | | 2023-(14) | Mariam Salameh, Sukaina Zeitoun‐Ghandour, Lina Sabra, Ahmad Daher, Mahmoud Khalil, Wissam H. Joumaa |
| A | | Detrimental effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phones on morphokinetics, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in mouse preimplantation embryos | 800-1800 MHz | 30min/5d | | 2023-(1) | Yeganeh Koohestanidehaghi, Mohammad Ali Khalili, Farzaneh Fesahat, Mohammad Seify, Esmat Mangoli, Seyed Mehdi Kalantar, Stefania Annarita Nottola, Guido Macchiarelli, Maria Grazia Palmerini |
| A | | Short-term exposure to radiofrequency radiation and metabolic enzymes’ activities during pregnancy and prenatal development | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.052 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.002 W/kg) | 15min/7d | | 2022-(1) | Arın Tomruk, Elcın Ozgur-Buyukatalay, Goknur Guler Ozturk, N. Nuray Ulusu |
| F | | Effects of Continuous Prenatal and Postnatal Global System for Mobile Communications Electromagnetic Waves (Gsm-Emw) Exposure on the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Female Newborn Rat's Liver | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.019 W/kg) | 24h/ pregnancy + 21d | | 2022-(36) | Mariam Salameh, Sukaina Zeitoun-Ghandour, Lina Sabra, Lina Ismail, Ahmad Daher, Ali Bazzi, Mahmoud Khalil, Wissam H. Joumaa |
| F | | Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Waves from 3G Mobile Phones on Oxidative Stress in Fetal Rats | (2G & 3G) | 8h / pregnancy | | 2018-(5) | Indra Fauzi Sabban, Galih Pangesti, Hendry Trisakti Saragih |
| A | | Exposure to mobile phone (900–1800 MHz) during pregnancy: tissue oxidative stress after childbirth | 900-1800 MHz | 2h/20d | | 2017-(1) | Mohammad Hossein Bahreyni Toossi, Hamid Reza Sadeghnia, Maryam Mohammad Mahdizadeh Feyzabadi, Mahmoud Hosseini, Mahdiyeh Hedayati, Razieh Mosallanejad, Farimah Beheshti, Zeynab Alizadeh Rahvar |
| F | | Monochromatic red light of LED protects embryonic cells from oxidative stress caused by radiofrequency radiation ("physical remedy") | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.014 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.017 W/kg) | 158h | | 2016-(7) | Olexandr Tsybulin, Evgeniy Sidorik, Sergiy Kyrylenko, Igor Yakymenko |
| F | | Plasma thyroid hormones and corticosterone levels in blood of chicken embryos and post hatch chickens exposed during incunbation to 1800 MHz electromagnetic fields | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.009-0.011 mW/cm2 | 10 x 4min/1-18d | | 2014-(9) | Krzystof Pawlak, Andrzej Sechman, Zenon Nieckarz |
| F | | Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to GSM-Like Radiofrequency on Blood Chemistry and Oxidative Stress in Infant Rabbits, an Experimental Study | 1800 MHz (GSM) | 15min/7d, + 15min/7-14d | | 2013-(9) | Elcin Ozgur, Gorkem Kismali, Goknur Guler, Aytac Akcay, Guzin Ozkurt, Tevhide Sel, Nesrin Seyhan |
| F | | Overproduction of free radical species in embryonal cells exposed to low intensity radiofrequency radiation | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.00025 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.000003 W/kg) | 38h, 120h, 240h | | 2013-(7) | A. Burlaka, O. Tsybulin, E. Sidorik, S. Lukin, V. Polishuk, S. Tsehmistrenko, I. Yakymenko |
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| F | | The Impact of Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Waves on the Neurons and Blood Brain Barrier Integrity in the Chick Embryo | 1800 MHz - (SAR 1.10 W/kg (head)) | 50m/10-15d | | 2024-(14) | Najam Siddiqi, Faisal Moin, Mohamed A. Al Kindi |
| A | | Effects of non-ionizing radio frequency electromagnetic radiation on the development and behavior of early embryos of Danio rerio | 1800 MHz - (SAR 1.13 W/kg) | 1h/5d | | 2024-(1) | Rifat Khira, Gowri K. Uggini |
| A | | Quantitative proteomics reveals effects of environmental radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on embryonic neural stem cells | 1950 MHz - (SAR 2 W/kg) | 24h/2d | | 2023-(1) | Guangzhou An, Yuntao Jing, Tao Zhao, Wei Zhang, Ling Guo, Juan Guo, Xia Miao, Junling Xing, Jing Li, Junye Liu,Guirong Ding |
| F | | Myrtenal improves memory deficits in mice exposed to radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation during gestational and neonatal development via enhancing oxido-inflammatory, and neurotransmitter functions ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz | 1h/ gestational period, neonatal development | | 2023-(12) | Isaac Oluwatobi Akefe, Ezekiel Stephen Nyan, Victoria Aderonke Adegoke, Ibrahim Yusuf Lamidi, Matthew Phillip Ameh, Uchendu Chidiebere, Simon Azubuike Ubah, Itopa Etudaye Ajayi |
| F | | Impressions of the chronic 900-MHz electromagnetic field in the prenatal period on Purkinje cells in male rat pup cerebella: is it worth mentioning? | 900 MHz | 1h/60d | | 2022-(6) | Orhan Bas, Ilker Sengul, Ozge Fatma Mengi Bas, Hatice Hanci, Muhammet Degermenci, Demet Sengul, Emrah Altuntas, Umut Serkan Soztanaci, Osman Fikret Sonmez, José Maria Soares Junior |
| F | | Effect of mobile phone usage duration during pregnancy on the general motor movements of infants | - | - | | 2022-(11) | Hava Bektas, Mehmet Selcuk Bektas, Suleyman Dasdag |
| A | | The effects of different herbals on the rat hippocampus exposed to electromagnetic field for one hour during the prenatal period ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz | 1h/prenatal period | | 2021-(1) | Ömür Gülsüm Deniz, Süleyman Kaplan |
| F | | Electromagnetic Waves from Mobile Phones may Affect Rat Brain During Development | 1800 MHz (SAR, specs, 1.79 W/kg) | 2h/ gestational period, 60d | | 2021-(10) | Dilek Akakin, Olgu Enis Tok, Damla Anil, Akin Akakin, Serap Sirvanci, Goksel Sener, Feriha Ercan |
| A | | Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to radiofrequency waves (900 MHz) adversely affects passive avoidance learning and memory | 900 MHz | 2-4h/ gestational period, 21d | | 2020-(1) | Mansour Azimzadeh, Gholamali Jelodar |
| F | | Enriched Environment Decreases Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Rats With Prenatal Mobile Phone Exposure | 800–1900 MHz | 8-24h/19d | | 2020-(9) | Shanyan Hong, Honghong Huang, Meili Yang, Haining Wu, Lingxing Wang |
| F | | Alteration of adaptive behaviors of progeny after maternal mobile phone exposure | 900 MHz (GSM) (SAR 0.7-2.6 W/kg (body)) | 45min/19d | | 2018-(10) | Nicolas Petitdant, Anthony Lecomte, Franck Robidel, Christelle Gamez, Kelly Blazy, Anne-Sophie Villégier |
| F | | Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child behavioral problems in five birth cohorts | - | - | | 2017-(26) | Laura Birksa, Mònica Guxens, Eleni Papadopoulou, Jan Alexander, Ferran Ballester, Marisa Estarlich, Mara Gallastegi, Mina Ha, Margaretha Haugen, Anke Huss, Leeka Kheifets, Hyungryul Lim, Jørn Olsen, Loreto Santa-Marina, Madhuri Sudan, Roel Vermeulen, Tanja Vrijkotte, Elisabeth Cardis, Martine Vrijheid |
| F | | Social behavioral testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging in chicks exposed to mobile phone radiation during development | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.003 mW/cm2 | 10h/15d | | 2016-(8) | Zien Zhou, Jiehui Shan, Jinyan Zu, Zengai Chen, Weiwei Ma, Lei Li, Jianrong Xu |
| A | | Maternal exposure to a continuous 900-MHz electromagnetic field provokes neuronal loss and pathological changes in cerebellum of 32-day-old female rat offspring | 900 MHz (CW) - (SAR 0.01 W/kg (body)) | 1h /8d | | 2015-(1) | Ersan Odacı, Hatice Hancı, Ayşe İkinci, Osman Fikret Sönmez, Ali Aslan, Arzu Şahin, Haydar Kaya, Serdar Çolakoğlu, Orhan Baş |
| F | | Neurodegenerative changes and apoptosis induced by intrauterine and extrauterine exposure of radiofrequency radiation | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.052 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.018 W/kg) | 15min/7d, 14d | | 2015-(6) | Göknur Güler, Elcin Ozgur, Hikmet Keles, Arin Tomruk, Sevil Atalay Vural, Nesrin Seyhan |
| A | | Maternal mobile phone exposure alters intrinsic electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat offspring | 900 MHz | 6h/ gestational period | | 2014-(1) | Moazamehosadat Razavinasab, Kasra Moazzami, Mohammad Shabani |
| F | | Pyramidal Cell Loss in the Cornu Ammonis of 32-day-old Female Rats Following Exposure to a 900 Megahertz Electromagnetic Field During Prenatal Days 13–21 | 900 MHz (CW) - 0.0265 mW/cm2 | 1h/8d | | 2013-(9) | Orhan Baş, Osman Fikret Sönmez, Ali Aslan, Ayşe İkinci, Hatice Hancı, Mehmet Yıldırım, Haydar Kaya, Metehan Akça, Ersan Odacı |
| F | | Maternal mobile phone exposure adversely affects the electrophysiological properties of purkinje neurons in rat offsprings | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.5-0.9 W/kg) | 6h/ gestational period | | 2013-(11) | M. Haghani, M. Shabani, K. Moazzami |
| F | | The Effects of Prenatal Exposure to a 900 Megahertz Electromagnetic Field on Hippocampus Morphology and Learning Behavior in Rat Pups | 900 MHz (CW) | 1h/8d | | 2013-(9) | Ayşe İkinci, Ersan Odacı, Mehmet Yıldırım, Haydar Kaya, Metehan Akça, Hatice Hancı, Ali Aslan, Osman Fikret Sönmez, Orhan Baş |
| F | | Mobile phone exposure during pregnancy disrupts learning and memory in rat ofsprings (in Farsi) | - | - | | 2013-(11) | Mohammad Shabani, Tayebeh Khezri Fard, Mobin Aghapour, Shahrnaz Parsania |
| F | | Fetal Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure From 800-1900 Mhz-Rated Cellular Telephones Affects Neurodevelopment and Behavior in Mice | 800-1900 MHz - (SAR, specs, 1.6 W/kg) | 9h, 15h, 24h/18d | | 2012-(8) | Tamir S. Aldad, Geliang Gan, Xiao-Bing Gao, Hugh S. Taylor |
| A | | The influence of microwave radiation from cellular phone on fetal rat brain | - | 30min, 90min, 3h/20d | | 2012-(1) | Ji Jing, Zhang Yuhua, Yang Xiao-qian, Jiang Rongping, Guo Dong-mei, Cui Xi |
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| F | | Effect of Electromagnetic Field on the Weight, Number and Development of Offspring of Irradiated Pregnant Rats | 1800 MHz (GSM) | 12h/ gestational period | | 2023-(4) | Tea Museliani, Marine Nikolaishvili, Gogi Jikia, Khatuna Dondoladze, Davit Natadze |
| F | | The effect of electromagnetic waves of mobile phones on DNA, RNA content and kidney function in rats before, during and after pregnancy and their offspring | 900 MHz - (SAR 0.974 W/kg) | 2h/21-42d | | 2022-(7) | Amira Abd El Raouf, Shenouda M. Girgis |
| F | | Oxidative and mutagenic effects of low intensity microwave radiation on quail embryos | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0,00032 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.0004 W/Kg) | -/ gestational period | | 2022-(10) | A. Burlaka, O. Tsybulin, O. Brieieva, O. Salavor, I. Yakymenko |
| F | | Effect of the Electromagnetic Field as a Negative Stimulus on the Weight, Number and Development of Newborn Rats | 1800 MHz (GSM) | -/ gestational period | | 2021-(5) | Tea Museliani, Marine Nikolaishvili, Gogi Jikia, Khatuna Dondoladze, Davit Natadze |
| F | | Histological, Immunohistochemical and Molecular Alterations in Immature Mice Testes Due to Chronic Exposure to Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation | 860 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 1.09 W/kg (head)) | 30min/45d | | 2020-(8) | Samir A. Nassar, Ahmed Algazeery, Gamal A. Sayed, Ahmed, Wafaa A. Abo El-Maaty |
| A | | Does Exposure of Smart Phones during Pregnancy Affect the Offspring’s Ovarian Reserve? A Rat Model Study | - | - | | 2019-(1) | Pinar Calis, Merve Seymen, Yagmur Soykan, Kevser Delen, Bahriye Sirav Aral, Gulnur Take Kaplanoglu , Deniz Karcaaltincaba |
| F | | Prenatal Effects of a 1,800-MHz Electromagnetic Field on Rat Livers | 1800 MHz - (SAR 0.12 W/kg) | 6-24h/20d | | 2019-(9) | L. Tumkaya, A. Yilmaz, K. Akyildiz, T. Mercantepe, Z. A. Yazici, H. Yilmaz |
| F | | Maternal Cell Phone Use During Pregnancy, Pregnancy Duration And Fetal Growth In Four Birth Cohorts | - | - | | 2019-(11) | Ermioni Tsarna, Marije Reedijk, Laura Ellen Birks, Mònica Guxens, Ferran Ballester, Mina Ha, Ana Jiménez-Zabala, Leeka Kheifets, Aitana Lertxundi, Hyung-ryul Lim, Jorn Olsen, Llúcia González Safont, Madhuri Sudan, Elisabeth Cardis, Martine Vrijheid, Tanja Vrijkotte, Anke Huss, Roel Vermeulen |
| F | | Mobile Phone and its Effect on Foetal Cardiotocography Pattern | (SAR, specs, 0.99 W/kg) | 10min/1d | | 2018-(5) | Zaheera Saadia, Robina Farrukh |
| A | | Effect of a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field emitted during embryogenesis on chick development and hatchability | 1800 MHz - 0.009-0.011 mW/cm2 | - | | 2018-(1) | K. Pawlak, Z. Nieckarz, A. Sechman, D. Wojtysiak, B. Bojarski, B. Tombarkiewicz |
| A | | Effects of Simulated Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Radiation on Fertilization and Embryo Development | 935 MHz - 0.15-1.4 mW/cm2 | 2-4h/3d | | 2016-(1) | Hong Chen, Zaiqing Qu, Wenhui Liu |
| A | | Lasting hepatotoxic effects of prenatal mobile phone exposure | 900 MHz | 24h/20d | | 2016-(1) | A. Yilmaz, L. Tumkaya, K.A. Akyildiz, Y. Kalkan, A.F. Bodur, F. Sargin, H. Efe, H.A. Uydu, Z.A. Yazici |
| A | | Effects of GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation during the oogenesis and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 1.0 W/kg) | 8h/35d | | 2016-(8) | Ayper Boga, Mustafa Emre, Yasar Sertdemir, İbrahim Uncu, Secil Binokay, Osman Demirhan |
| A | | Can prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field affect the morphology of the spleen and thymus, and alter biomarkers of oxidative damage in 21-day-old male rats? | 900 MHz - 0.05 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.025 W/kg body) | 1h/9d | | 2015-(1) | H. Hancı, S. Türedi, Z. Topal, T. Mercantepe, İ. Bozkurt, H. Kaya, Ş. Ersöz, B. Ünal, E. Odacı |
| F | | Effects of 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field of mobile phone on oogenesis in adult female rats | 1800 MHz (GSM) | 1h, 2h/15d | | 2014-(3) | Ali Saeed Hammoodi Alchalabi, Erkihum Aklilu, Abd Rahman Aziz, Mohd Azam Khan Goriman Khan, F. Malek, H.A. Rahim |
| F | | GSM 900 MHz cellular phone radiation can either stimulate or depress early embryogenesis in Japanese quails depending on the duration of exposure | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.00025 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.00003 W/kg) | 38h, 158h | | 2013-(26) | Olexandr Tsybulin, Evgeniy Sidorik, Olga Brieieva, Lyubov Buchynska, Sergiy Kyrylenko, Diane Henshel, Igor Yakymenko |
| F | | Effect of Electromagnetic Mobile Radiation on Chick Embryo Development | 900-1800 MHz - (SAR 2 W/kg) | 1h/7d, 10d, 14d | | 2012-(9) | Fatma Al-Qudsi, Solafa Azzouz |
| F | | Effects of thirty minute mobile phone irradiation on morphological and physiological parameters and gene expression in pregnant rats and their fetuses | 1800 MHz (2 phones SAR, specs, 1.01 W/kg) | 30min/1d | | 2011-(11) | Ashraf El-Sayed, Hoda S. Badr, Rania Yahia, Salem M. Salem, Asmaa M. Kandil |
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| A | | Comprehensive analysis of genotoxic effects and antioxidative defence mechanisms in plant test system exposed to 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiations: a root chromosomal aberration and FTIR spectroscopy approach | 1800 MHz | - | | 2023-(1) | Surbhi Sharma, Priyanka Sharma, Shalini Bahel, Joat Singh, Jatinder Kaur Katnoria |
| F | | The Counteraction of Cultivated Cistus creticus L. (Rock Rose) Plants to the Strain Imposed by a Long-Term Exposure to Non-Ionizing Radiation and the Role of DDC | 1882 MHz (DECT) - 0.0011 mW/cm2 | 24h/49d | | 2022-(18) | Aikaterina L. Stefi, Georgia Kalouda, Aikaterini S. Skouroliakou, Dido Vassilacopoulou, Nikolaos S. Christodoulakis |
| F | | Attributes of non-ionizing radiation of 1800 MHz frequency on plant health and antioxidant content of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) plants | 1800 MHz (CW) - 0.019 mW/cm2 | 12-120h | | 2022-(15) | Chandni Upadhyaya, Trushit Upadhyaya, Ishita Patel |
| F | | Exposure Effect of 900 MHz Electromagnetic Field Radiation on Antioxidant Potential of Medicinal Plant Withania Somnifera | 900 MHz - 0.853 mW/cm2 | 12-72h | | 2021-(13) | Chandni Upadhyaya, Ishita Patel, Trushit Upadhyaya, Arpan Desai |
| F | | The hepatotoxic effects of mobile phone radiation (900 MHz) on male mice and the hepatoprotective potentials of architectural shapes of cages ("architectural remedy") | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.223-0.271 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.65-0.84 W/kg) | 24h/56d | | 2020-(11) | Tarek Mohamed Heikal, Nabil Ashry Ibrahim Elnahas, Mohamed Ahmed Rezk Ali Al-Sherbiny, Samah Ahmed Mohammed Khalil, Mohamed F. Abdelhameed |
| A | | Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low-Power 915 MHz Unmodulated Radiation on Phaseolus vulgaris L. | 915 MHz (CW) - 0.001 mW/cm2 | 24h/(from sowing to maturity) | | 2019-(1) | Vasile Surducan, Emanoil Surducan Camelia Neamtu, Augustin C. Mot, Alexandra Ciorîță |
| A | | Oxidative stress and an animal neurotransmitter synthesizing enzyme in the leaves of wild growing myrtle after exposure to GSM radiation | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.193 mW/cm2 | 30min/21d | | 2018-(1) | Aikaterina L. Stefi, Dido Vassilacopoulou, Lukas H. Margaritis, Nikolaos S. Christodoulakis |
| F | | To Investigate the Effect of Electromagnetic Radiations on Flavonoids of Lettuce Species | 2G, 3G | 30min, 2h, 4h, 6h/40-45d | | 2016-(7) | Vishwasini Sharma, Leena Parihar |
| F | | Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on Capsicum annuum seed germination and subsequent sapling growth — A time study | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.00003-0.002 mW/cm2 | 341 min/50d | | 2016-(6) | Ardhendu Kundu, Bhaskar Gupta, Amirul I. Mallick, Satya K. Pal |
| A | | Low-amplitude, high-frequency electromagnetic field exposure causes delayed and reduced growth in Rosa hybrida | 900 MHz - 0.0066 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.00072 W/kg) | - | | 2016-(10) | Alexandre Grémiaux, Sébastien Girard, Vincent Guérin, Jérémy Lothier, František Baluška, Eric Davies, Pierre Bonnet, Alain Vian |
| F | | EMF radiations (1800 MHz)-inhibited early seedling growth of maize (Zea mays) involves alterations in starch and sucrose metabolism | 1800 MHz - 0.0304 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.169 W/kg) | 30min, 1h, 2h, 4h/7d | | 2015-(7) | Arvind Kumar, Harminder Pal Singh, Daizy R. Batish, Shalinder Kaur, Ravinder Kumar Kohli |
| F | | Reduced growth of soybean seedlings after exposure to weak microwave radiation from GSM 900 mobile phone and base station | 900 MHz (GSM & CW) - 0.000083-0.445 mW/cm2 | 2h/4d, 5d | | 2015-(32) | Malka N. Halgamuge, See Kye Yak, Jacob L. Eberhard |
| F | | Effect of Two Brands of Cell Phone on Germination Rate and Seedling of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) | - | 5-30min/- | | 2014-(6) | Rim A. Hussein, Magda A. El-Maghraby |
| F | | Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation on Germination and Early Growth of Different Bean Species | 1805-1850 MHz - 0.145 0.481 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.000021-0.000212 W/kg) | 4h(on)-4h(off) or 24h(on)- 24h(off) /12d | | 2014-(10) | Hsuan-Yu Chen, Chiachung Chen |
| F | | Effect of Mobile Phone Radiation on Nodule Formation In the Leguminous Plants | 850-1850 MHz (2G) & 900-1900 MHz (3G) | 30min-8h/ 1d | | 2014-(11) | Sapna Sharma, Leena Parihar |
| F | | Effects of Electromagnetic Waves Emitted by Mobile Phones on Germination, Root Growth, and Root Tip Cell Mitotic Division of Lens culinaris Medik | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.76 W/kg) | 48h/1d | | 2010-(8) | Ayhan Akbal, Yasar Kiran, Ahmet Sahin, Dilek Turgut-Balik, Hasan H. Balik |
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| F | | Effect of RFEMR on NSE and MDA levels in Sprague Dawley rats | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | 1h/50d | | 2022-(5) | Pravallika Pagadala, M. S. Vinutha Shankar, M. E. Sumathi |
| F | | Exposure to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field modulates ROS in human HEK293 cells as a function of signal amplitude | 1.8 GHz (CW) - 0.0000000024-0.0017 mW/cm2 | 15m/1d | | 2022-(13) | Marootpong Pooam, Nathalie Jourdan, Blanche Aguida, Cyril Dahon, Soria Baouz, Colin Terry, Haider Raad, Margaret Ahmad |
| F | | Evaluation of haematological parameters and oxidative stress-induced in rats exposed to radio-frequency radiation from mobile phones | 1800-2100 MHz (3G UMTS) 0.00006-0.001 mW/cm2 | 24h/42d | | 2021-(7) | Priscilla Ngozi Ezemelue, D. Ugochukwu Onyegbule, Leona Chika Okoli, Kafilat Olaide Kareem, Olufunsho Awodele, Adebayo Akeem Otitoloju |
| A | | Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial | 900-1800 MHz | 3h/28d | | 2021-(1) | Mina Rasouli Mojez, Abbas Ali Gaeini, Siroos Choobineh, Mohsen Sheykhlouvand |
| F | | The Effect of Mobile Radiation on the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Pregnant Mice | 900 MHz (100-217 Hz modulated) - 0.000045 mW/cm2 | 8h/10d | | 2021-(7) | Nargess Moghadasi, Iraj Alimohammadi, Ali Safari Variani, Azadeh Ashtarinezhad |
| A | | Oxidative damage in the liver and brain of the rats exposed to frequency-dependent radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure: Biochemical and histopathological evidence | 900-2100 MHz - 0.0000008-0.0000011 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.4 W/kg) | 1h/20d | | 2021-(1) | Anjali Sharma, Sadhana Shrivastava, Sangeeta Shukla |
| F | | Effects of Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation on Oxidant-Antioxidant Parameters and DNA Damage in the Liver of Rats | 1800 MHz (GSM), 2100 MHz (GSM) - 0.03-0.12 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.2-0.6 W/kg (body)) | 2h/210d | | 2020-(10) | Mehmet E. Alkis, Mehmet Z. Akdag, Suleyman Dasdag |
| F | | Impact of Long-Term use of Mobile Phones on the Prostate in Human users | - | - | | 2020-(8) | Madyha Hassan Mahmoud, Nadia Youssef Morcos, Khadiga Salah Ibrahim, Amal Saad-Hussein, Noha Hassan Ibrahim, Ahmed Fathi Soliman |
| F | | Oxidative Stress from Low Intensity Electromagnetic Radiation of Wireless Devices: Protective challenges ("physical remedy") | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.00032 mW/cm2 | 19h/19d | | 2020-(7) | Igor Yakymenko, Anatoliy Burlaka, Oleksandr Tsybulin, Oksana Salavor |
| F | | 1800 MHz radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation induces oxidative stress in rat liver, kidney and brain tissues | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.012 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.06 W/kg (body)) | 2h/56d | | 2018-(8) | Mehmet Berköz, Badel Arslan, Metin Yıldırım, Nurcan Aras, Serap Yalın, Ülkü Çömelekoğlu |
| F | | Probing the origins of 1800 MHz radio frequency electromagnetic radiation induced damage in mouse immortalized germ cells and spermatozoa in vitro | 1800 MHz - (SAR 0.15-1.5 W/kg) | 4h/1d | | 2018-(17) | Brendan J. Houston, Brett Nixon, Bruce V. King, R J. Aitken, Geoffry N. De Iuliis |
| A | | Aloe arborescens juice prevents EMF-induced oxidative stress and thus protects from pathophysiology in the male reproductive system in vitro ("chemical remedy") | - | - | | 2018-(1) | Przemyslaw Solek, Lena Majchrowicz, Marek Koziorowski |
| F | | Exposure to 2100 MHz electromagnetic field radiations induces reactive oxygen species generation in Allium cepa roots | 2100 MHz - 0.049 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.28 W/kg) | 1-4h/1d | | 2017-(5) | Shikha Chandel, Shalinder Kaur, Harminder Pal Singh, Daizy Rani Batish, Ravinder Kumar Kohli |
| F | | In vitro non-thermal oxidative stress response after 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation | 1800 MHz - 0.239 mW/cm2 (SAR 1.6 W/kg (cell)) | 10-60m/1d | | 2017-(1) | Ana Marija Marjanovic, Ivan Paviric, Blanka Tariba, Alica Pizent, Ivancica Trosic |
| A | | Effects of radiofrequency field exposure on glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells | 1950 MHz (3G W-CDMA) | - | | 2016-(1) | Jeong-Yub Kim, Hee-Jin Kim, Nam Kim, Jong Hwa Kwon, Myung-Jin Park |
| A | | Effects of cell phone radiation on lipid peroxidation, glutathione and nitric oxide levels in mouse brain during epileptic seizure | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.054 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.3 W/kg (head)) | 1h/1d | | 2016-(1) | Meric Arda Esmekaya, Mehmet Zahid Tuysuz, Arın Tomruk, Ayse G. Canseven, Engin Yücel, Zuhal Aktuna, Semih Keskil, Nesrin Seyhan |
| F | | Circadian rhythmicity of antioxidant markers in rats exposed to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields | 1800 MHz - 0.2 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.05 W/kg (body)) | 2h/32d | | 2015-(17) | Honglong Cao, Fenju Qin, Xueguan Liu, Jiajun Wang, Yi Cao, Jian Tong, Heming Zhao |
| F | | Evaluation of selected biochemical parameters in the saliva of young males using mobile phones | 1800 MHz (GSM & CW) - (SAR, specs, 1.09 W/kg) | 15m, 30min/1d | | 2014-(5) | Khalid M. Abu Khadra, Ahmad M. Khalil, Mahmoud Abu Samak, Ahmad Aljaberi |
| F | | Antioxidant Profile of Saliva among Young Men Using Mobile Phones | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | - | | 2014-(6) | Khalid M. Abu Khadra, Ahmad M. Khalil, Mahmoud Abu Samak, Ahmad Aljaberi |
| F | | Effect of Mobile Phone Usage Time on Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva and Salivary Immunoglobulin A | - | - | | 2014-(5) | Fateme Arbabi-Katali, Saeedeh Salimi, Ali Vaziry-Rabiee, Mohammad Noraeei |
| A | | Cell oxidation–reduction imbalance after modulated radiofrequency radiation | 1800 MHz - 0.238 mW/cm2 (SAR 1.6 W/kg) | 10min, 30min, 1h/1d | | 2014-(1) | Ana Marija Marjanovic, Ivan Pavicic, Ivancica Trosic |
| F | | High-frequency electromagnetic radiation and the production of free radicals in four mouse organs | 900 MHz - (SAR 0.45-1.6 W/kg (body)) | 3h/14d | | 2014-(6) | Jan Barkal, Pavel Stopka, Jana krizová, Jan Vrba, Frantisek Vozeh |
| F | | Vitamin C Protects Rat Cerebellum and Encephalon from Oxidative Stress Following Exposure to Radiofrequency Wave Generated by BTS Antenna Model ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz - 0.67 mW/cm2 | 4h/45d | | 2014-(6) | Abolfazl Akbari, Gholamali Jelodar, Saeed Nazifi |
| F | | The Prophylactic Effect of Vitamin C on Oxidative Stress Indexes Following Exposure to Radio Frequency Wave Generated by a BTS Antenna Model in Rat Liver and Kidney("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz - 0.67 mW/cm2 | 4h/45d | | 2014-(5) | Abolfazl Akbari, Gholamali Jelodar, Saeed Nazifi |
| F | | Effects of Vitamin C on Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes Following Exposure to Radiofrequency Waves Generated by a BTS Antenna Model ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz - 0.67 mW/cm2 | 4h/45d | | 2014-(5) | Abolfazl Akbari, Gholamali Jelodar, Saeed Nazifi |
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| F | | Effect of the Electromagnetic Field Radiation of Cell Phones on the Level of Blood Glucose in Rats | - | 15-60min/ 90d | | 2021-(7) | Salome Zenaishvili, Marine Nikolaishvili, Davit Zurabashvili, Marine Nebieridze, Davit Natadze |
| A | | Effects of exposure to electromagnetic field from mobile phone on serum hepcidin and iron status in male albino rats | - | 30-60min/1d | | 2018-(1) | Nanees F. El-Maleky, Reham H. Ebrahim |
| F | | Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation of Mobile Phones on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Male Albino Rats | 900 MHz (GSM), 1300 MHz (GSM or 3G) | 1-5h/28d | | 2018-(5) | Ali Sani, Maryam Muhammad Labaran, Bilkisu Dayyabu |
| F | | Evaluation of the mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on serum iron parameters in rats | 890-915 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.96 W/kg) | 2h/70d | | 2017-(5) | Murat Çetkin, Can Demirel, Neşe Kızılkan, Nur Aksoy, Hülya Erbağcı |
| F | | Effect Of Electromagnetic Radiation On Vital Organs In Rats | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 1.1 W/kg) | 2h/90d | | 2017-(4) | Samta Sharma, Anjali sharma, Sangeeta Shukla |
| F | | Biochemical effects of electromagnetic waves on rats | 2100 Mhz (3G WCDMA) - (SAR, specs, 1.25 W/kg (body)) | 10min / prenatal + 35d | | 2016-(16) | Doaa Abdelrahman Hamed Ibrahim |
| F | | Effect of Cell Phone Use on Salivary Total Protein, Enzymes and Oxidative Stress Markers in Young Adults: A Pilot Study | - | - | | 2015-(4) | Arnadi Ramachandrayya Shivashankara, Jasmi Joy, Venkatesh Sunitha, Manoj P. Rai, Suresh Rao, Shafeeque Nambranathayil, Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga |
| A | | Fourier Self-Deconvolution Analysis of β-Sheet Contents in the Amide I Region of Hemoglobin Aqueous Solutions under Exposure to 900 MHz Microwaves and Bioprotective Effectiveness of Sugar and Salt Solutions ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz - 0.066 mW/cm2 | 4h/1d | | 2015-(1) | Emanuele Calabròa, Salvatore Magazù |
| F | | Effects of 900 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation on Skin Hydroxyproline Contents | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.446 mW/cm2 (SAR 1.32 W/kg (body)) | 20min/21d | | 2014-(7) | Semra Tepe Çam, Nesrin Seyhan, Cengiz Kavaklı, Ömür Çelikbıçk |
| A | | Effect of exposure and withdrawal of 900-MHz-electromagnetic waves on brain, kidney and liver oxidative stress and some biochemical parameters in male rat | 900 MHz (CW) | 1h/60d | | 2014-(1) | Merhan Mamdouh Ragy |
| F | | Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Hydroalcoholic Extract on Estrogen, Progesterone and Testosterone Levels in Rats Exposed to Cell Phone Radiation ("Chemical remedy") | 900 MHz (GSM) | 12 x 10min/30d | | 2014-(8) | Behnaz Hajiuon |
| A | | Liver antioxidant stores protect the brain from electromagnetic radiation (900 and 1800 MHz)-induced oxidative stress in rats during pregnancy and the development of offspring | 900-1800 MHz | 1h/28d, 35d, 42d | | 2014-(1) | Hasan Çetin, Mustafa Nazıroğlu, Ömer Çelik, Murat Yüksel, Nural Pastacı, Mehmet Okan Özkaya |
| F | | Is Human Saliva an Indicator of the Adverse Health Effects of Using Mobile Phones? | - | - | | 2013-(6) | Yaniv Hamzany, Raphael Feinmesser, Thomas Shpitzer, Aviram Mizrachi, Ohad Hilly, Roy Hod, Gideon Bahar, Irina Otradnov, Moshe Gavish, Rafael M. Nagler |
| F | | Biochemical Changes in The Intervertebral Discs After Electromagnetic Radiation: An Experimental Study | 900-1800-2450 MHz (CW) - 1.04 mW/cm2 (SAR 1.04 W/kg) | 1h/30d | | 2012-(9) | Olcay Eser, Ahmet Songur, Veli Çaglar, Huseyin Vural, Ergun Karavelíoglu, Hakan Mollaoglu, Fehmi Ozguner |
| F | | Effects of Exposure to Cellular Phones 950 MHZ Electromagnetic Fields on Progesterone, Cortisol and Glucose Level in Female Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) | 950 MHz | 3h/10d, 60d | | 2011-(6) | Reza Seyednour, Vahid Chekaniazar |
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| A | | One-time Electromagnetic Irradiation Modifies Stress-sensitive Gene Expressions in Rice Plant | 1837.5 MHz (CW) - 0.000275 mW/cm2 | 150m/1d | | 2021-(1) | Ardhendu Kundu, Sathish Vangaru, Sucharita Bhowmick, Somnath Bhattacharyya, Amirul I. Mallick, Bhaskar Gupta |
| F | | Non-ionizing radiofrequency fields induces unfolded protein response (UPR) in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of mouse neuronal cells | 900 MHz (CW) - (SAR 0.00025 W/kg) | 4h/5d | | 2020-(16) | Zhen Gao, Wen Xie, Caiyun Fan, Yi Cao |
| A | | Increased Hippocampal Level of Kinases after Long-term Exposure to GSM-2100 Cell Phone Radiation | 2100 MHz (GSM) | 2h/50d | | 2019-(1) | Çiğdem Gökçek-Saraç, Şükrü Özen, Narin Derin |
| F | | Immulogical Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation of the Cellular Phone Among Young Females | - | - | | 2018-(7) | Talib Jawad Kadhim, Munther Hamza Rathi, Qatralnada Ahmed Khalaf |
| F | | The effect of exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation on epidermal growth factor, caspase-3, Hsp27 and p38MAPK gene expressions in the rat eye | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.012 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.06 W/kg) | 2h/56d | | 2018-(5) | E. D. Eker, B. Arslan, M. Yildirim, A. Akar, N. Aras |
| F | | Electromagnetic Radiation Disturbed the Photosynthesis of Microcystis aeruginosa at the Proteomics Level | 1800 MHz (CW) - 0.42 mW/cm2 | 24h/1d | | 2018-(8) | Chao Tang, Chuanjun Yang, Hui Yu, Shen Tian, Xiaomei Huang, Weiyi Wang, Peng Cai |
| F | | Proteomic analysis of continuous 900-MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in testicular tissue: a rat model of human cell phone exposure | 900 MHz - (SAR 0.19–1.22 W/kg (body)) | 1h, 2h, 4h/30d | | 2017-(8) | Masood Sepehrimanesh, Nasrin Kazemipour, Mehdi Saeb, Saeed Nazifi, Devra Lee Davis |
| A | | Analysis of rat testicular proteome following 30-day exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic field radiation | 900 MHz | 1h, 2h, 4h/30d | | 2014-(1) | Masood Sepehrimanesh, Nasrin Kazemipour, Mehdi Saeb, Saeed Nazifi |
| A | | Studying the protein expression in human B lymphoblastoid cells exposed to 1.8-GHz (GSM) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) with protein microarray | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 2 W/kg) | 24h/1d | | 2013-(1) | Chen Zhijiana, Li Xiaoxue, Zheng Wei, Lu Yezhen, Lou Jianlin, Lu Deqiang, Chen Shijie, Jin Lifen, He Jiliang |
| F | | Effects of 1.8 GHz radiofrequency radiation on protein expression in human lens epithelial cells | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 2-4 W/kg) | 2h/1d | | 2013-(10) | Shuang Ni, Yibo Yu, Yidong Zhang, Kairan Lai, Ke Yao, L. Zhang, W. Wang |
| F | | Study of Oxidative Stress in Human Lens Epithelial Cells Exposed to 1.8 GHz Radiofrequency Fields | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 2-4 W/kg) | 30min, 60min, 90min/1d | | 2013-(9) | Shuang Ni, Yibo Yu, Yidong Zhang, Wei Wu, Kairan Lai, Ke Yao |
| F | | Brain proteome response following whole body exposure of mice to mobile phone or wireless DECT base radiation | 900 MHz (GSM) & 1880-1900 MHz (DECT) - 0.059-0.128 mW/cm2 & 0.004-0.009 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.17-0.37 W/kg & 0.012-0.028 W/kg (body)) | 3h, 8h/245d | | 2012-(25) | Adamantia F. Fragopoulou, Athina Samara, Marianna H. Antonelou, Anta Xanthopoulou, Aggeliki Papadopoulou, Konstantinos Vougas, Eugenia Koutsogiannopoulou, Ema Anastasiadou, Dimitrios J. Stravopodis, George Th. Tsangaris, Lukas H. Margaritis |
| F | | Potential Protection of Green Tea Polyphenols Against 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation-Induced Injury on Rat Cortical Neurons ("chemical remedy") | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.21-2.24 mW/cm2 | 24h/1d | | 2011-(7) | Mei-Li Liu, Jian-Qiang Wen, Yu-Bo Fan |
| F | | Mobile phone radiation might alter protein expression in human skin | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 1.3 W/kg) | 1h/1d | | 2008-(6) | Anu Karinen, Sirpa Heinävaara, Reetta Nylund, Dariusz Leszczynski |
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| Does Radiofrequency Radiation From Mobile Phones Affect the Formation of Parotid Gland Malignancy? An Experimental Study | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.117 W/kg (body)) | 6-12h/30d | 2024-(8) | Zerrin Ozergin Coskun, Levent Tumkaya, Adnan Yilmaz, Engin Dursun, Tolga Mercantepe, Yildiray Kalkan, Safak Ersoz | ||
| F | | Effect of Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Field Radiation on Rat Masseter Muscle: Histological and Immunohistochemical Study | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.025-0.05 W/kg (body)) | 1h/60d | | 2022-(10) | Nesreen M. Omar, Mohamed Abdel-Rahman, Fatma M. Ibrahim |
| F | | Effect of mobile frequencies exposure on histology of retina and cornea in pregnant albino mice | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.78 W/kg) | 3h/30d | | 2021-(5) | Rawah N. Alshammary, Zeena D. Mohammed, Zaki Ammar G. Al-Haaik |
| F | | Biochemical and Pathological Effects on the Male Rat Hepatic Tissue After Exposure to 900MHz Electromagnetic Field During Adolescent Period | 900 MHz - 0.024 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.009 W/kg) | 1h/25d | | 2021-(22) | Ayşe İki̇nci̇ Keleş, Hüseyin Serkan Erol, Tuğçe Sapmaz, Tolga Mercantepe, Gökhan Keleş, Burcu Bi̇terge Süt, Ersan Odaci, Mesut Bünyamin Halici, Sait Polat |
| F | | Does GSM-like 1800 MHz radiofrequency cause KRAS and p53 mutations in colon?: Histopatologically and microbiologically changes in colon | 1800 MHz (GSM) | 45min/84d | | 2021-(6) | Ezgi Ece Sag, Saadet Celikozlu, Hayri Dayioglu, Sibel Kokturk, Cengiz Ozzaim, Sinan Darcan |
| F | | Protective effect of melatonin on the rat lung following exposure to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field: a stereological and histopathological study ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz - 1 mW/cm2 (SAR, specs, 2.0 W/kg) | 24h/21d | | 2021-(6) | Ahmad Yahyazadeh, Elfide Gizem Kivrak, Gülüna Erdem Koç, Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak |
| F | | The Adverse Effect of Mobile Phone Radiations on Dorsal Root Ganglion of Albino Rats | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | -/28d | | 2021-(7) | Faisal Taufiq, Mohammed Bhilal Babu, Aqeel Ahmad, Mohammed Eajaz Ahmed Shariff, Noureldaim Elnoman, Elbadawi, Semmal Syed Meerasa |
| F | | Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin E against Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Mobile Phone-Induced Hematological and Histopathological Alterations in Male Albino Mice ("chemical remedy") | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.0001 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.4 W/kg (body)) | 2h/21d | | 2020-(13) | Mona H. Ibraheim, Aziza Amin |
| F | | The toxic effect of mobile phone radiation on rabbit organs | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.7 W/kg (body) 1 W/kg (head)) | 6h/96d | | 2020-(7) | Shudong Zhu, Yan Zhu, Hao Li, Doudou Zhang, Dianzheng Zhang |
| F | | The Effect of 900-Megahertz Electromagnetic Field Exposure in the First and Middle Adolescent Period on the Spleen in Male Rats: A Biochemical and Histopathological Study | 900 MHz (CW) - 0.021 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.039 W/kg) | 1h/25d | | 2019-(5) | Ayşe İkinci Keleş, Tuğçe Sapmaz, Hüseyin Serkan Erol, Burcu Biterge Süt, Gökhan Keleş, Ersan Odaci, Sait Polat, Mesut Bünyami Halici |
| A | | The Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Mitochondria: An Ultra-structural and Biochemical Study | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 1.10 W/kg) | 50min/10d | | 2019-(1) | Najam Siddiqi, Naseer Salem Al Nizwani, Zoya Shaikh, Asem Shalaby, Yahyah Tamimi |
| F | | Effects of Acute and Chronic Exposure to 900 Mhz Electromagnetic Field on the Rat Liver Microarchitecture | 900 MHz | 24h/1d, 1h/30d | | 2018-(4) | Elvan Şahin, Derya Güzel, Şadiye Açıkgöz, Nihal Tufan |
| F | | Quantitative changes in testicular structure and function in rat exposed to mobile phone radiation | 890-915 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.96 W/kg) | 2h/70d | | 2017-(8) | M. Çetkin, N. Kızılkan, C. Demirel, Z. Bozdağ, S. Erkılıç, H. Erbağcı |
| A | | Effects of long-term exposure to 900 megahertz electromagnetic field on heart morphology and biochemistry of male adolescent rats | 900 MHz (CW) - 0.0187 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.0093 W/kg) | 1h/38d | | 2016-(1) | G. Kerimoğlu, T. Mercantepe, H.S. Erol, A. Turgut, H. Kaya, S. Çolakoğlu, E. Odacı |
| F | | Histopathological changes associated with oxidative stress induced by electromagnetic waves in rats' ovarian and uterine tissues | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.21 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.97 W/kg (body)) | 2h/30d, 60d | | 2016-(10) | Ali S.H. Alchalabi, Hasliza Rahim, Erkihun Aklilu, Imad I. Al-Sultan, Abd Rahman Aziz, Mohd F. Malek, Suzanna H. Ronald, Mohd Azam Khan |
| A | | Histological and histochemical study of the protective role of rosemary extract against harmful effect of cell phone electromagnetic radiation on the parotid glands ("chemical remedy") | - | - | | 2016-(1) | Fatma M. Ghoneim, Eetmad A. Arafat |
| F | | Placental histomorphology and morphometry in the pregnant mice treated with cell phone radiation | 915 MHz | 4h/13d | | 2015-(10) | Ali Louei Monfared, Aaref Nooraii, Morteza Shamsi |
| A | | Histological changes in albino rat hippocampus following postnatal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field emitted from mobile phones | 900-1800 MHz | -/120d | | 2015-(1) | Hussein Abd El Raouf, Hoda H.; Mohammed Ali, Mona H. |
| F | | The effect of 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation of a 3G mobile phone on the parotid gland of rats | 2100 MHz (3G) - 0.067 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.4 W/kg (body)) | 6h/10d, 40d | | 2015-(8) | Filiz Aydogan, İlhan Unlu, Emine Aydin, Nihat Yumusak, Erdinc Devrim, Ethem Erdal Samim, Elcin Ozgur, Velid Unsal, Arin Tomruk, Goknur Guler Ozturk, Nesrin Seyhan |
| A | | The effects of 2100-MHz radiofrequency radiation on nasal mucosa and mucociliary clearance in rats | 2100 MHz (3G) | 6h/10d, 40d | | 2015-(1) | Filiz Aydoğan, Emine Aydın, Gökhan Koca, Elçin Özgür, Pergin Atilla, Arzu Tüzüner, Şule Demirci, Arin Tomruk, Göknur Güler Öztürk, Nesrin Seyhan, Meliha Korkmaz, Sevda Müftüoğlu, Ethem Erdal Samim |
| F | | Morphological aspects of poly-organic impact of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation in experiment | 1800 MHz - 0.05-1 mW/cm2 | -/30d, 90d | | 2015-(3) | Tashpulatova Guzal Alievna, Mavlyan Hodzhaev Ravshan Shukhratovich |
| F | | The Possible Rescue Effect of Vitamin E or Silymarin on Lung Tissue of Male Albino Rats Exposed to Electro-Magnetic Field ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz (SAR, specs, 1.2 W/kg) | 2h/3d x 8 | | 2014-(12) | Abir Khalil Mohamed |
| F | | GSM 900 MHz Microwave Radiation Induced Alterations of Insulin Level and Histopathological Changes of Liver and Pancreas in Rat | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 2 W/kg) | 3h, 6h/7d | | 2014-(8) | S.M.J. Mortazavi, S.M. Owji, M.B. Shojaie-fard, M. Ghader-Panah, S.A.R. Mortazavi, A. Tavakoli-Golpayegani, M. Haghani, S. Taeb, N. Shokrpour, O. Koohi |
| F | | Effects of prenatal 900 MHz electromagnetic field exposures on the histology of rat kidney | 900 MHz (CW) - (SAR, specs, 2 W/kg) | 1h/all gestation days | | 2014-(25) | Mahmut Ulubay, Ahmad Yahyazadeh, Ö. Gülsüm Deniz, Elfide Gizem Kıvrak, B. Zuhal Altunkaynak, Gülünar Erdem, Süleyman Kaplan |
| F | | Histological Study of Prolonged Exposure to Mobile Phone Radiations on Young Male Albino Ratsʼ Cerebellar Cortex and the Role of Ginkgo Biloba Supplementation ("chemical remedy") | - | 2h/60d | | 2013-(11) | Abeer M. Azmy, Maha A. Abd Allah |
| F | | Exposure of mice to 900 - 1900 MHz radiations from cell phone resulting in microscopic changes in the kidney | 900-1900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 1.69 W/kg (10g)) | 48min/ 30-180d | | 2012-(6) | N. Mugunthan, J. Anbalagan, S. Meenachi, A. Shanmuga Samy |
| F | | Effects of Mobile Phone Induced Electromagnetic Field on Height of Follicular Cells in Thyroid Gland of Mice | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | 50 missed call/60d | | 2011-(3) | Farheen Shaukat, Khadija Qamar, Shadab Ahmed Butt |
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| F | | Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation (5G) And Its Effects On Female Reproductive Health | - | - | | 2024-(13) | Shifana Shafi Khan |
| A | | Preliminary study on the impact of 900 MHz radiation on human sperm: An in vitro molecular approach | 900 MHz | 30-60m/1d | | 2024-(1) | İ. Keskin, S. Karabulut, A. A. Kaplan, M. Alagöz, M. Akdeniz, K. K. Tüfekci, D. L. Davis, S. Kaplan |
| A | | Expression levels of tam receptors and ligands in the testes of rats exposed to short and middle-term 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation | 2100 MHz | 7-70d | | 2024-(1) | Ertan Katirci, Esma Kirimlioglu, Asli O. Oflamaz, Enis Hidisoglu, Alexandra Cernomorcenco, Piraye Yargıcoğlu, Sukru Ozen, Necdet Demir |
| A | | Modulatory role of Bovine serum albumin conjugated Manganese dioxide nanoparticle on microwave radiation induced alterations in reproductive parameters of rat ("chemical remedy") | - | - | | 2022-(1) | Sonali Pardhiya, Rohit Gautam, Jay Prakash Nirala, Nina Nancy Murmu, Paulraj Rajamani |
| A | | Association between electronic device usage and sperm quality parameters in healthy men screened as potential sperm donors | - | - | | 2022-(1) | Heng-Gui Chen, Ping Wu, Bin Sun, Jun-Xiang Chen, Cheng-Liang Xiong, Tian-Qing Meng, Xiao-Yin Huang, Qing-Ling Su, Huiliang Zhou, Yi-Xin Wang, Weimin Ye, An Pan |
| F | | Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation of Mobile Phones on Sperms Shape and Number in Male Albino Mice | - | 20min/42d | | 2022-(8) | Natheer Jameel Yaseen |
| A | | Acute and Chronic Exposure to 900 MHz Radio Frequency Radiation Activates p38/JNK-mediated MAPK Pathway in Rat Testis | - | - | | 2022-(1) | Hakan Er, Gizem Gamze Tas, Bikem Soygur, Sukru Ozen, Leyla Sati |
| A | | The detrimental effect of cell phone radiation on sperm biological characteristics in normozoospermic | - | 1h/- | | 2021-(1) | Mohammadmehdi Hassanzadeh-Taheri, Mohammad Ali Khalili, Ali Hosseininejad Mohebati, Mahmood Zardast, Mehran Hosseini, Maria Grazia Palmerini, Mohammad Reza Doostabadi |
| A | | Microarray profiling of LncRNA expression in the testis of pubertal mice following morning and evening exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency fields | 1800 MHz - (SAR 0.5 W/kg) | - | | 2021-(1) | Fenju Qin, Honglong Cao, Chuhan Feng, Tianyuan Zhu, Bingxu Zhu, Jie Zhang,Jian Tong, Hailong Pei |
| F | | Modulatory effects of Punica granatum L juice against 2115 MHz (3G) radiation-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rat ("chemical remedy") | 2115 MHz (3G) - 0.63 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.16 W/kg) | 2h/45d | | 2021-(10) | Rohit Gautam, Eepsita Priyadarshini, Jay Prakash Nirala, Ramovatar Meena, Paulraj Rajamani |
| F | | Moderate exercise training as an effective strategy to reduce the harmful effects of cell phone radiation on Wistar rat’s semen quality | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | 3h/28d | | 2021-(8) | H. A. Akbari, A. A. Gaeini |
| F | | Morphological and Biochemical Changes in the Rat Ovaries Following Electromagnetic Field Exposure | 900 MHz | 1h/28d | | 2020-(16) | Savaş Kanbu, Mehmet Emin Önger |
| F | | Effect of Mobile Phone Radiation on Reproductive System and Behavior Using Female Albino Mice | - | 1h/90d | | 2020-(9) | Suhera Aburawi, Hana Abusaida, Habiba El Jaafari, Feras Alkayed, Naema Shibani, Arwa Dali, Suliman Shalabi, Marwa Ayad, Omima Altaboni |
| F | | Study the electromagnetic radiation effects on testicular function of male rats by biochemical and histopathological | - | 30m-2h/14d | | 2020-(5) | Ban Mohammed Hussein Ali |
| F | | Microscopic Changes of Radiations and Combined Effect of 2G Mobile Phone Radiations with Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) On Germ Cells of Testis in Albino Rats ("chemical remedy") | 900-1900 MHz (GSM) | 24h/60d | | 2020-(3) | Santosh Kumar, Ankur K. Bichhwaliya |
| F | | To study the abnormalities of spermatozoa exposed by mobile radiations | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 1.87 W/kg) | 5h/60d | | 2018-(8) | Ashok Kumar Srivastava, Priyanka Singhal, Navneet Chauhan, Nityanand Srivastava, Jayant Kumar Verma, Adil Asghar |
| A | | [Cellphone electromagnetic radiation damages the testicular ultrastructure of male rats] (in Chinese) | 900 MHz | 2-4h | | 2017-(1) | X.H. Gao, H.R. Hu, X.L. Ma, J. Chen, G.H. Zhang |
| F | | Micronuclei Formation and 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine Enzyme Detection in Ovarian Tissues After Radiofrequency Exposure at 1800 MHz in Adult Sprague–Dawley Rats | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.2 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.974 W/kg) | 2h/15-60d | | 2017-(8) | Ali Saeed Hammoodi Alchalabi, Hasliza Rahim, Mohamed Fareq AbdulMalek, Erkihun Aklilu, Abd Rahman Aziz, Suzanna Harun Ronald, Mohd Azam Khan |
| A | | Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation from cell phone causes defective testicular function in male Wistar rats | - | 1-3h/28d | | 2017-(1) | A. O. Oyewopo, S. K. Olaniyi, C. I. Oyewopo, A. T. Jimoh |
| A | | Continuous 900-megahertz electromagnetic field applied in middle and late-adolescence causes qualitative and quantitative changes in the ovarian morphology, tissue and blood biochemistry of the rat | 900 MHz (CW) | 1h/24d | | 2017-(1) | Derya Öztürk Okatan, Haydar Kaya, Yüksel Aliyazıcıoğlu, Selim Demir, Serdar Çolakoğlu, Ersan Odacı |
| A | | Mobile phone (1800 MHz) radiation impairs female reproduction in mice, Mus musculus, through stress induced inhibition of ovarian and uterine activity | 1800 MHz | - | | 2017-(1) | Saba Shahin, Surya Pal Singh, Chandra Mohini Chaturvedi |
| F | | Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation of Mobile Phone on Sperm Count in Albino Rats | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 1.87 W/kg) | 5h/60d | | 2016-(2) | Priyanka Singhal, Urvashi Singh |
| A | | Radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz)-induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in testicular germ cells in swiss albino mice | 900 MHz | 4-8h/35d | | 2016-(1) | Neelam Pandey, Sarbani Giri, Samrat Das, Puja Upadhaya |
| A | | Effects of cell phone use on semen parameters: Results from the MARHCS cohort study in Chongqing, China | - | - | | 2016-(1) | Guowei Zhang, Huan Yan, Qing Chen, Kaijun Liu, Xi Ling, Lei Sun, Niya Zhou, Zhi Wang, Peng Zou, Xiaogang Wang, Lu Tan, Zhihong Cui, Ziyuan Zhou, Jinyi Liu, Lin Ao, Jia Cao |
| F | | In Vitro Effect of Cell Phone Radiation on Motility, DNA Fragmentation and Clusterin Gene Expression in Human Sperm | 850 MHz - (SAR, specs, 1.46 W/kg) | 60min/1d | | 2015-(8) | Adel Zalata, Ayman Z. El-Samanoudy, Dalia Shaalan, Youssef El-Baiomy, Taymour Mostafa |
| F | | Electromagnetic radiation at 900 MHz induces sperm apoptosis through bcl-2, bax and caspase-3 signaling pathways in rats | 900 MHz (50 Hz modulated) - 1 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.66 W/kg) | 2h/50d | | 2015-(9) | Qi Liu, Tianlei Si, Xiaoyun Xu, Fuqiang Liang, Lufeng Wang, Siyi Pan |
| F | | Exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field for one hour a day over 30 days does change the histopathology and biochemistry of the rat testis | 900 MHz - 0.026 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.025 W/kg (body)) | 1h/30d | | 2015-(8) | Ersan Odacı, Cansu Özyılmaz |
| F | | Effects of chronic exposure to 2G and 3G cell phone radiation on mice testis - A randomized controlled trial | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) & 1900-2200 MHz (3G) - (SAR, specs, 1.69 W/kg (10g)) | 48min/ 30-180d | | 2015-(12) | N. Mugunthan, J. Anbalagan, A. Shanmuga Samy, S. Rajanarayanan, S. Meenachi |
| F | | Effects of Long Term Exposure to a 2G Cell Phone Radiation (900 - 1900 MHz) on Mouse Testis | 900-1900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 1.69 W/kg (10g)) | 48min/ 30-180d | | 2014-(7) | N. Mugunthan, J. Anbalagan, S. Meenachi |
| F | | Effect of electromagnetic irradiation produced by 3G mobile phone on male rat reproductive system in a simulated scenario | 1910 MHz (GSM or 3G HSDPA) - (SAR 0.022-0.28 W/kg) | 2h/60d | | 2014-(8) | Sanjay Kumar, Jay Prakash Nirala, J. Behari, R. Paulraj |
| F | | The influence of direct mobile phone radiation on sperm quality | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | 5h (10min calls)/1d | | 2014-(7) | Igor Gorpinchenko, Oleg Nikitin, Oleg Banyra, Alexander Shulyak |
| A | | New Electromagnetic Radiations Effects on Ultra Structure of Adult Bovine Sperm | 900 MHz (GSM) | 5min/1d | | 2014-(1) | Mohammad Hassan Heidari, Mehran Farhodi, Ehsan Pashaeiahei, Hassan Mahbouobipour, Matine Heidari, Maryam Tadayon, Hamid Reza Fayazi, Abdollah Amini |
| A | | [Chronotoxicity of 1800 MHz microwave radiation on sex hormones and spermatogenesis in male mice] (in Chinese) | 1800 MHz - 0.2 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.22 W/kg) | 2h/32d | | 2014-(1) | L. Chen, F. Qin, Y. Chen, J. Sun, J. Tong |
| A | | [Influence of Imitated 900 MHz Cellular Radiation on the Form and Function of Ovarian Tissues in Rat] (in Chinese) | 900 MHz | 4h/30d | | 2013-(1) | Hui-rong Ma, Jing-wei Chen, Jing-jing Li, Ya-nan Zhao, Jia Zhang, Jin-de Yu, Le-le Guo, Xue-lian Ma |
| F | | The Effects of Cell Phone Waves (900 MHz-GSM Band) on Sperm Parameters and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Rats | 915-950 MHz (GSM) - 1.6 mW/cm2 | 8h/14d, 21d | | 2013-(8) | Masoud Ghanbari, Seyed Bagher Mortazavi, Ali Khavanin, Mozafar Khazae |
| F | | Effects of exposure to electromagnetic field (1.8/0.9 GHz) on testicular function and structure in growing rats (some positive results) | 900 MHz (GSM), 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR <0.0001 W/kg) | 2h/90d | | 2011-(7) | H. Ozlem Nisbet, Cevat Nisbet, Aysegul Akar, Mesut Cevik, M. Onder Karayigit |
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| F | | The Effect of Exposure to Mobile Phones on Electrical Cardiac Measurements: A Multivariate Analysis and a Variable Selection Algorithm to Detect the Relationship With Mean Changes | - | - | | 2024-(7) | Nader Alharbi, Mohammed Alassir |
| F | | The Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Radiation Effects on Heart Rate Variability Function | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 1.05 W/kg) | 10-40m/1d | | 2024-(5) | Haneef Ubed, Irfan Memon, Farman Mangi, Muhammad Razaq, Amina Rahat, Zahoor Ahmed |
| A | | Mobile Phone Radiations Effect on the Synchronization Between Heart and Brain | (2G & 3G) | - | | 2022-(1) | Suman Pattnaik, Balwinder Singh Dhaliwal, Shyam Sundar Pattnaik |
| F | | The Effects of Heart-to-Mobile Phone Distance on the Circulatory System | - | - | | 2021-(5) | Fatih Aydin, Ercan Aksit, Ayse Huseyinoglu Aydin, Ozge Turgay Yildirim |
| F | | Evaluation of heart rate variability, blood pressure and lipid profile alterations from dual transceiver mobile phone radiation exposure | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.81 W/kg (body)) | 42d | | 2020-(7) | Jamil Dauda Usman, Mikail Umar Isyaku, Adesoji Adedipe Fasanmade |
| F | | Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability During Mobile Phone Usage in First Year Medical Students | (SAR, specs, 0.75 W/kg) | 3min/1d | | 2020-(6) | Rekha, Rashmi Ramanathan, Jensy Sekar, Ram Mohan, Kalpaka, S. Jeevithan |
| F | | An Observational Study of Effect of Mobile Phone Radiation on Heart Rate Variability | - | 5min/1d | | 2019-(5) | Neelam Choudhary, Paras Nath Mahto |
| F | | Aluminium foil dampened the adverse effect of 2100 MHz mobile phone–induced radiation on the blood parameters and myocardium in rats ("physical remedy") | 2100 MHz (3G UMTS) - (SAR 0.84–1.86 W/kg) | 4h/30d | | 2019-(4) | Viskasari P. Kalanjati, Kusuma E. Purwantari, Lucky Prasetiowati |
| F | | Effect of Stress and Radiation of Mobile Phones on Heart and its Capabilities | - | - | | 2018-(10) | Ali Hussein F. Al-Nasraui |
| F | | Cellular Phone Irradiation of the Head Affects Heart Rate Variability Depending on Inspiration/Expiration Ratio | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.70 W/Kg (head)) | 20min/1d | | 2018-(9) | Szabolcs Béres, Ádám Németh, Zénó Ajtay, István Kiss, Balázs Németh, László Hejjel |
| F | | Heart rate variability affected by radiofrequency electromagnetic field in adolescent students | 1788 MHz (10 MHz pulse modulated) - 0.77 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.405 W/kg (10g)) | 18min/1d | | 2018-(12) | Jakub Misek, Igor Belyaev, Viera Jakusova, Ingrid Tonhajzerova, Jan Barabas, Jan Jaku |
| F | | Calculation of Heart Rate Variation Owing to the Effect of Electromagnetic Fields Waves (EMF) | - | - | | 2018-(6) | Mohammed Yahya H., Ali Adil Turki, Ali H. F. Alnasraui, Qasim shaker K. |
| A | | Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted from Mobile Phone on Electrocardiographic Variables and Rate Pressure Product | 1800 MHz (GSM) | 30min/1d | | 2017-(1) | K. Singh, S. Das |
| F | | A Comprehensive Study of Change in Heart Rate Variability Parameters Due to Radiations Emitted from GSM and WCDMA Cellular Phones | (2G GSM & 3G WCDMA) - (SAR, specs, 0.67-1.14 W/kg) | -/1d | | 2017-(14) | Suman, Shyam S. Pattnaik, Harish K. Sardana, Nakul Bansal |
| F | | Immediate effects of mobile phone radiations on heart rate variability in college going students | 850-2100 MHz (3G WCDMA) - (SAR, specs, 1.04 W/kg (body)) | 2min/1d | | 2017-(6) | Juveriya Yasmeen, Mehnaaz Sameera Arifuddin, Nazema Khatoon, Umaima Mahveen, Mohammed Abdul Hannan Hazari |
| F | | Effects of mobile phone radiation on heart rate variability of healthy young subjects | 850-1900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.82 W/kg) | 5min/1d | | 2015-(6) | Anup M. Vegad, Yogesh K. Kacha , Maulik S. Varu, Hemant B. Mehta, Chinmay J. Shah |
| F | | Physiological and Histological Studies on The Heart of Male Albino Rats Exposed to Electromagnetic Field and The Protective Role of Silymarin and/or Vitamin E ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz (CW) - 1.4 mW/cm2 (SAR, specs, 1.2 W/kg) | 2h/3d x 8 | | 2015-(15) | A. Zahkouk Samir, M. El-Gendy Ahkam, A. Eid Fatma, A. El-Tahway Nomaan, A. El-Shamy Sawsan |
| F | | The effects of prenatal exposure to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old male rat heart | 900 MHz - 0.05 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.025 W/kg (body)) | 1h/8d | | 2014-(8) | Sibel Türedi, Hatice Hancı, Zehra Topal, Deniz Ünal, Tolga Mercantepe, Ilyas Bozkurt, Haydar Kaya, Ersan Odacı |
| F | | Study the Effect of Mobile (Cell Phone) on the Heart Electricity | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | 5-35m/1d | | 2014-(4) | Daeser Hussain, Alyaa H. Ali, Sabah N. Mazhir, Aya Juma |
| F | | A Pilot Study on Long Term Effects of Mobile Phone Usage on Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Young Adult Males | - | - | | 2012-(4) | Bhagyalakshmi Kodavanji, Venkappa Siddappa Mantur, Nayanatara Arun Kumar, Sheila Ramesh Pai |
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| F | | The Impact of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Waves on DNA Fragmentation Index and Spermatogenesis-related Genes Expression in Rats | 885 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.90 W/kg (body)) | 4h/56d | | 2024-(9) | Parisa Zahmatkesh, Abdolreza Mohammadi, Rahil Mashhadi, Fatemeh Khatami, Akram Mirzaei, Leila Zareian Baghdadabad, Fatemeh Khalili, Keykavos Gholami, Ramin Rahimnia, Narges Noori, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir |
| F | | Impact of mobile phone-specific electromagnetic fields on DNA damage caused by occupationally relevant exposures: results of ex vivo experiments with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from different demographic groups | 1950 MHz (3G UMTS) - (SAR 0.25-1.0 W/kg) | 16h/1d | | 2023-(11) | Miroslav Mišík, Michael Kundi, Nadine Worel, Franziska Ferk, Hans-Peter Hutter, Michael Grusch, Armen Nersesyan, Denise Herrera Morales, Siegfried Knasmueller |
| A | | DNA and Chromosome Damage in Human and Animal Cells Induced by Mobile Telephony Electromagnetic Fields and Other Stressors | - | - | | 2022-(1) | Dimitris J. Panagopoulos |
| A | | Cytogenetic Effects of Radiofrequency Radiation at 1800 MHz: Allium cepa Chromosome Aberrations Assay and Balb/C Mouse Micronucleus Test | 1800 MHz - (SAR 0.27 W/kg) | 30min-4h/7d | | 2022-(1) | Ahmad Khalil, Heba Al Naimi, Ahmad Alshamali |
| F | | Micronucleus Assay in Cell Phone Users: Importance of Oral Mucosa Screening | - | - | | 2021-(4) | Melika Ghandehari, Donia Sadri, Sareh Farhadi |
| A | | An Evaluation of the Genotoxic Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation at 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz Frequencies with a SMART Assay in Drosophila melanogaster | 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz | 2-6h/2d | | 2021-(1) | Merve Gunes, Kayhan Ates, Burcin Yalcin, Sibel Akkurt, Sukru Ozen, Bulent Kaya |
| F | | Comparing chromosome damage induced by mobile telephony radiation and a high caffeine dose: Effect of combination and exposure duration | 1920-1960 MHz (3G UMTS) - 0.029 mW/cm2 | 15m/1d | | 2020-(14) | Dimitris J. Panagopoulos |
| A | | Effects of different mobile phone UMTS signals on DNA, apoptosis and oxidative stress in human lymphocytes | 1923-1977 MHz (3G UMTS) | 1-3h/1d | | 2020-(1) | Sachin Gulati, Pavol Kosik, Matus Durdik, Milan Skorvaga, Lukas Jakl, Eva Markova, Igor Belyaev |
| F | | Single-strand DNA breaks and oxidative changes in rat testes exposed to radiofrequency radiation emitted from cellular phones | 900 MHz (GSM), 1800 (GSM) MHz, 2100 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.003 W/kg (1g)) | 2h/182d | | 2019-(8) | Mehmet Esref Alkis, Mehmet Zulkuf Akdag, Suleyman Dasdag, Korkut Yegin, Veysi Akpolat |
| A | | Comparative cyto- and genotoxicity of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz electromagnetic field radiations in root meristems of Allium cepa | 900 MHz, 1800 MHz - 0.026-0.033 mW/cm2 | 30min-5h/1d | | 2019-(1) | Arvind Kumar, Shalinder Kaur, Shikha Chandel, Harminder Pal Singh, Daizy Rani Batish, Ravinder Kumar Kohli |
| F | | Chromosome damage in human cells induced by UMTS mobile telephony radiation | 1900-2200 MHz (3G UMTS) - 0.092 mW/cm2 | 15min/1d | | 2019-(1) | D. J. Panagopoulos |
| F | | DNA-Related Modifications in a Mixture of Human Lympho-Monocyte Exposed to Radiofrequency Fields and Detected by Raman Microspectroscopy Analysis | 1800 MHz (CW) - (SAR 0.21 W/kg) | 5-20h/1d | | 2019-(11) | Maria Lasalvia, Giuseppe Perna, Vito Capozzi |
| F | | Appraisal of immediate and late effects of mobile phone radiations at 2100 MHz on mitotic activity and DNA integrity in root meristems of Allium cepa | 2100 MHz (CW) - 0.049 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.28 W/kg) | 1-4h/1d | | 2019-(9) | Shikha Chandel, Shalinder Kaur, Mohd Issa, Harminder Pal Singh, Daizy Rani Batish, Ravinder Kumar Kohli |
| F | | Effect of 900-, 1800-, and 2100-MHz radiofrequency radiation on DNA and oxidative stress in brain | 900-2100 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.039-0.084 W/kg (1g)) | 2h/180d | | 2019-(17) | Mehmet Esref Alkis, Hakki Murat Bilgin, Veysi Akpolat, Suleyman Dasdag, Korkut Yegin, Mehmet Cihan Yavas, Mehmet Zulkuf Akdag |
| F | | Oxidative and mutagenic effects of low intensity GSM 1800 MHz microwave radiation | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.00032 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.0000038 W/kg) | 24h/19d | | 2018-(6) | I. Yakymenko, A. Burlaka, O. Tsybulin, O. Brieieva, L. Buchynska, S. Tsehmistrenko, V. Chekhun |
| F | | The Cytogenetic Effects Evaluation of Non-thermal Radiofrequency Radiation from Cellular Phones on Rat Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.35 & 0.87 W/kg (body & head) | 1-3h/105d | | 2017-(9) | El Idrissi Sidi Brahim Salem, El Arbi Boussaber, El Goumi Younes, Hayat Talbi, Choukri Abdelmajid, Hillali Abderraouf |
| F | | Electromagnetic fields at a mobile phone frequency (900 MHz) trigger the onset of general stress response along with DNA modifications in Eisenia fetida earthworms | 900 MHz (CW, 1 kHz) - 0.026-3.8 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.00013-0.00933 W/kg) | 2h/1d | | 2017-(11) | Jean-Paul Bourdineaud, Maja Šrut, Anamaria Štambuk, Mirta Tkalec, Daniel Brèthes, Krešimir Malarić, Göran I .V. Klobučar |
| A | | Mitochondrial DNA damage and oxidative damage in HL-60 cells exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields | 900 MHz (CW) - 0.12 mW/cm2 | 4h/5d | | 2017-(1) | Yulong Sun, Lin Zong, Zhen Gao, Shunxing Zhu, Jian Tong, Yi Cao |
| A | | The 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation of a 3G-mobile phone and the DNA oxidative damage in brain | 2100 MHz (UMTS) - 0.068 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.4 W/kg (body)) | 6h/10d, 40d | | 2016-(1) | Duygu Sahin , Elcin Ozgur, Goknur Guler, Arın Tomruk, Ilhan Unlu, Aylin Sepici-Dinçel, Nesrin Seyhan |
| F | | Analysis of the Genotoxic Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation using Buccal Micronucleus Assay: A Comparative Evaluation | (2G GSM & 3G CDMA) | - | | 2016-(4) | Sumita Banerjee, Narendra Nath Singh, Gadiputi Sreedhar, Saikat Mukherjee |
| F | | Perspectives Revisited - The Buccal Cytome Assay in Mobile Phone Users | - | - | | 2015-(10) | Gursatej Gandhi, Prabhjot Singh, Gurpreet Kaur |
| F | | Micronucleus induction by 915 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation in Vicia faba root tips | 915 MHz (CW) - 2.5-5.0 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.3-1.8 W/kg) | 72h | | 2014-(20) | Bianca Gustavino, Giovanni Carboni, Roberto Petrillo, Marco Rizzoni, Emanuele Santovetti |
| F | | Adverse Effect of Mobile Phone on TP53, BRCAI Genes and DNA Fragmentation in Albino Rat Liver | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.33 W/kg) | 2h/14d, 28d, 42d | | 2013-(5) | E.M. Gouda, M.K. Galal, S.A. Abdalaziz |
| A | | Mobile phone radiation induces mode-dependent DNA damage in a mouse spermatocyte-derived cell line: A protective role of melatonin ("Chemical remedy") | - | -/1d | | 2013-(1) | Chuan Liu, Peng Gao, Shang-Cheng Xu, Yuan Wang, Chun-Hai Chen, Min-Di He, Zheng-Ping Yu, Lei Zhang, Zhou Zhou |
| F | | Single-strand DNA breaks in human hair root cells exposed to mobile phone radiation | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.97 W/kg (head)) | 15min, 30min/1d | | 2012-(5) | Semra Tepe Çam, Nesrіn Seyhan |
| F | | The toxic effects of mobile phone radiofrequency (940 MHz) on the structure of calf thymus DNA | 940 MHz - 0.059 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.04 W/kg) | 45min/1d | | 2012-(7) | Azadeh Hekmat, Ali Akbar Saboury, Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi |
| F | | Exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation induces oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in primary cultured neurons | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 2 W/kg) | 24h/1d | | 2009-(8) | Shang cheng Xu, Zhou Zhou, Lei Zhang, Zhengping Yu, Wei Zhang, Yuan Wang, Xubu Wang, Maoquan Li, Yang Chen, Chunhai Chen, Mindi He, Guangbin Zhang, Min Zhong |
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| F | | The Evaluation of Malondialdehyde Levels and Acinar Cell Alteration in Salivary Gland of Mobile Phone Radiation-Induced Rats | 900 MHz | 1h/21d | | 2024-(4) | Agni Febrina Pargaputri, Dwi Andriani, Nafiah |
| F | | Rat brain and testicular tissue effects of radiofrequency radiation exposure: Histopathological, DNA damage of brain and qRT-PCR analysis | 2100 MHz (GSM) - 0.4 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.31-0.57 W/kg (1g)) | 5h/14d | | 2024-(8) | M. C. Yavas, A. Kilitci, E. Çelik, K. Yegin, B. Sirav, S. Varol |
| F | | Mobile phone specific radiation disturbs cytokinesis and causes cell death but not acute chromosomal damage in buccal cells: Results of a controlled human intervention study | 1950 MHz (UMTS) - (SAR 0.1-1.6 W/kg) | 2h/5d | | 2024-(8) | Michael Kundi, Armen Nersesyan, Gernot Schmid Hans-Peter Hutter, Florian Eibensteiner, Miroslav Misík, Siegfried Knasmüller |
| F | | Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Neuropeptide Transcript Levels in the Synganglion of Ixodes ricinus | 900 MHz (CW) - 0.001-0.424 mW/cm2 | 1-24h/1d | | 2023-(13) | Lívia Šofranková, Miroslav Baňas, Natália Pipová, Igor Majláth, Juraj Kurimský, Roman Cimbala, Marek Pavlík, Lourdes Mateos-Hernández, Ladislav Šimo, Viktória Majláthová |
| F | | Impact of Mobile Radiations on Gliclazide Tablet Formulation | - | - | | 2023-(5) | Mukesh Tatyarao Mohite, Pankaj Sharma, Jaya Sharma, Pallavi Chaudhari, Sagar Kore |
| F | | Dose- and Time-Dependent Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Adipose Tissue: Implications of Thermoregulation and Mitochondrial Signaling | 900 MHz (CW) - (SAR 0.1-0.4 W/kg) | 2h/3-7d | | 2023-(14) | Jennifer Maalouf, Amandine Pelletier, Aurélie Corona, Jérôme Gay-Quéheillard, Véronique Bach, René de Seze, Brahim Selmaoui |
| F | | Evaluation of DNA Methylation Profiles of LINE-1, Alu and Ribosomal DNA Repeats in Human Cell Lines Exposed to Radiofrequency Radiation | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 1 W/kg) | 24h/2d | | 2023-(19) | Francesco Ravaioli, Maria Giulia Bacalini, Cristina Giuliani, Camilla Pellegrini, Chiara D’Silva, Sara De Fanti, Chiara Pirazzini, Gianfranco Giorgi, Brunella Del Re |
| A | | Analysis of global DNA methylation changes in human keratinocytes immediately following exposure to a 900 MHz radiofrequency field | 900 MHz - (SAR 0.01 W/kg) | 1h/1d | | 2023-(1) | Jody C. Cantu, Joseph W. Butterworth, Xomalin G. Peralta, Jason A. Payne, Ibtissam Echchgadda |
| F | | Assessment Of The Effect Of Electromagnetic Radiation From Cell Phones Using The Daphnia magna Test Object | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | 3h/21d | | 2022-(9) | I. T. Sultangaliyeva, R. R. Beisenova |
| F | | The impact of electromagnetic radio waves on some biological aspects of Culex (Culex) pipiens Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) | 900-1900 MHz (GSM) - 0.03 mW/cm2 | 4h/1d | | 2022-(6) | Fatma H. Galal, AlaaEddeen M. Seufi |
| F | | The Effects of Mobile Phones on Diabetes and Appetite | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.026 W/kg (body), 0.1 W/kg (1g)) | 2h/20d | | 2022-(7) | Hava Bektas |
| A | | Metabolite Profiling of Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) And Its Cytoprotective Effects Versus Vitamin C Against Mobile Phone Radiation-Induced Adrenal Gland Damage In Rats ("Chemical remedy") | - | 1h/28d | | 2022-(1) | Rasha Mohamed, Maha Abdul Rahman, Ahmed El-Sayed, Mahitab Mostafa Elsayed, Heba Sabry Ahmed, Sahar Ali |
| F | | 900 MHz Electromagnetic Fields Induce Microbiota Dysbiosis and Adaptive Immune System Disorders in Juvenile Rats | 900 MHz (CW) - 0.00085 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.03 W/kg) | 23h/35d | | 2022-(18) | Louison Collet, Aymar Bosquillon Jenlis, Hafida Khorsi-Cauet, Marie Naudot, Nariman Djekkoun, Hussein Ghamlouch, Aurélie Corona, Hakim Ouled-Haddou, Stéphane Delanaud, Loïc Garcon, Véronique Bach, Amandine Pelletier, Jean-Pierre Marolleau |
| F | | Ocular effects of mobile phone radiation | - | - | | 2022-(6) | Sanjeev Kumar Mittal, Rimpi Rana, Athul Puthalath, Ajai Agrawal, Anupam, Neeti Gupta, Sunita Mittal |
| A | | Corneal opacity in Northern Bald Ibises (Geronticus eremita) equipped with radio transmitters | (GSM) | - | | 2022-(1) | Alfonso Balmori |
| F | | Does mobile phone impair blood cells? | 1800 MHz (3G) | 1h/1d | | 2021-(5) | Mohammed Nazim Bennaoum, Amira Benabbou, Djouher Belbachir, Noujoum Zmouli, Mohamed Chekkal |
| F | | Evaluation of 900 and 1800 Mhz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Mobile Phones on Pregnant Women | - | - | | 2021-(9) | Hava Bektas, Suleyman Dasdag, Mehmet Selcuk Bektas |
| A | | Alteration of intrapancreatic serotonin, homocysteine, TNF-α, and NGF levels as predisposing factors for diabetes following exposure to 900-MHz waves | 900 MHz | 2-4h/30d | | 2021-(1) | Gholamali Jelodar, Mansour Azimzadeh, Fatemeh Radmard, Narges Darvishhoo |
| F | | Effects of a repeated exposure to radiofrequency on thermal regulation in rodents | 900 MHz (CW) - (SAR 0.35 W/kg) | 2h/7d | | 2021-(4) | T. C. Mai, A. Pelletier, S. Delanaud, F. Robidel, A. Lecomte, S. Rodrigues, E. Peyret, R. de Seze |
| F | | Low-Level Radiofrequency Exposure Induces Vasoconstriction in Rats | 900 MHz (CW) - (SAR 0.35 W/kg) | 23h/6d | | 2021-(9) | Thi Cuc Mai, Anne Braun, Veronique Bach, Amandine Pelletier, Rene de Seze |
| F | | Effects of mobile phone emissions on human red blood cells | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 1.5 W/kg (10g)) | 30-60m/1d | | 2021-(13) | Aniket Chowdhury, Yashveer Singh, Uttam Das, Deepak Waghmare, Raktim Dasgupta, Shovan Kumar Majumder |
| F | | Evaluation of Non-Thermal Microwave Effects on Bovine Lens by Measuring S-Parameters Induced by Variations in Dielectric Coefficient | 900 MHz (CW) - (SAR 0.179 W/kg (local)) | 24h/4d | | 2021-(7) | Junqing Lan, Xiaofeng Sun, Huacheng Zhu, Xiaoren Cao, Lan Yang, Guohong Du |
| A | | Impact of Electromagnetic Radiation on Honey Stomach Ultrastructure and the Body Chemical Element Composition of Apis mellifera (honey bees) | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.5 W/kg (head)) | 10-20m/1d | | 2021-(1) | E. A. Mahmoud, A. Gabarty |
| F | | Ameliorative effects of high-protein diet on hepatotoxic alterations in Swiss albino mice exposed to mobile phone radiation ("Chemical remedy") | 1800 MHz (GSM or 4G) - (SAR, specs, 1.5 W/kg (body)) | 3h/90d | | 2020-(7) | Debajyoti Bhattacharya, Prerona Biswas, Somnath Gangopadhyay, Mausumi Sikdar |
| A | | Long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones can cause considerable changes in the balance of Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression in the hippocampus of mice | - | 1-8h/30d | | 2020-(1) | Fatemeh-Zakieh Tohidi, Arianeh Sadr-Nabavi, Hossein Haghir, Reza Fardid, Houshang Rafatpanah, Hosein Azimian, Mohammad-Hossein Bahreyni-Toossi |
| F | | Microtubular structure impairment after GSM-modulated RF radiation exposure | 915 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.23 W/kg - 1.65 W/kg (cell)) | 1-3h/1d | | 2020-(6) | Ana Marija Marjanović Čermak, Krunoslav Ilić, Ivan Pavičić |
| F | | Effect of handphone EMF radiation on survival rate and morphological reproductive organ changes of fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830) | 2100 MHz (3.5G HSDPA) | 6h/3d | | 2020-(8) | Ignatius Sudaryadi, Azizah Nur Rahmawati, Meliana Rizqiyah |
| F | | Pulsed Telecommunication Signals of Non-ionizing Radiation Affect Amyloid Precursor Protein and α-Synuclein Metabolism in Non-neural Human Cells | 1800 MHz (GSM) 0.003-0.029 mW/cm2 | 30m/2d | | 2020-(17) | Aikaterina L. Stefi, Aikaterini S. Skouroliako, Lukas H. Margaritis, Dido Vassilacopoulou |
| F | | Cell Phone Habits and the Related Health Issues – A Study Conducted in Kerala | - | - | | 2020-(3) | P. D. Premlal, N. V. Eldhose |
| F | | Effects of Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Mobile Phone on Hematological Parameters in Albino Mice (blood) | 900 MHz - 0.000013 mW/cm2 | 1-2h/21d | | 2020-(8) | Mona H. Ibraheim, Magda S. Hanafy, Amir shahwan, Samir A. Nassar |
| A | | Decreased level of plasma nesfatin-1 in rats exposed to cell phone radiation is correlated with thyroid dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis (thyroid gland) | - | -/30d | | 2020-(1) | Noha I. Hussien, Ayman M. Mousa, Abeer A. Shoman |
| F | | In Vitro Effects of Cellular Phone Electromagnetic Fields at 940 MHz on the Structure and Half-Life of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone | 940 MHz (CW) - 0.059 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.04 W/kg) | 45m/1d | | 2020-(9) | Mehdi Mohammadpour-Aghdam, Ahmad Molaeirad, Reza Faraji-Dana, Azadeh Azizi |
| F | | Effect of mobile phone radiation on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and contextual fear memory in Wistar rat | 1966 MHz (3G UMTS) - 4 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.36 W/kg (body)) | 2h/112d | | 2020-(12) | Kumari Vandana Singh, Rohit Gautam, Ramovtar Meena, Jay Prakash Nirala, Sushil Kumar Jha, Paulraj Rajamani |
| F | | Dynamic changes in cytoskeleton proteins of olfactory ensheathing cells induced by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (CW vs. modulated) | 900 MHz (CW or 50 Hz modulated) - 0.013 mW/cm2 | 10-20m/1d | | 2020-(10) | Rosaria Grasso, Rosalia Pellitteri, Santi A. Caravella, Francesco Musumeci, Giuseppina Raciti, Agata Scordino, Giovanni Sposito, Antonio Triglia, Agata Campisi |
| F | | Apoptotic Effect of 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation on NIH/3T3 Cells | 1800 MHz (CW) - (SAR 2 W/kg) | 12h-2d | | 2020-(11) | Dan-Yang Li, Jing-Dong Song, Zhao-Yuan Liang, Kiana Oskouei, Xiang-Qian Xiao, Wen-Zhe Hou, Jin-Tao Li, Yi-Shu Yang, Ming-Lian Wang, Manuel Murbach |
| F | | Immunotropic effects in cultured human blood mononuclear cells exposed to a 900 MHz pulse-modulated microwave field | 900 MHz (877 Hz pulse modulated) - 0.1 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.024 W/kg) | 15min/2d | | 2019-(7) | Łukasz Szymański, Elżbieta Sobiczewska, Aleksandra Cios, Pawel Szymanski, Martyna Ciepielak, Wanda Stankiewicz |
| A | | Effect of electromagnetic field exposure on the transcription of repetitive DNA elements in human cells | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 1 W/kg) | - | | 2019-(1) | Brunella Del Re, Ferdinando Bersani, Gianfranco Giorgi |
| F | | Antibacterial Susceptibility Pattern of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus after Exposure to Electromagnetic Waves Emitted from Mobile Phone Simulator | 900 MHz | 2-24h/1d | | 2019-(10) | M. M. Movahedi, F. Nouri, A. Tavakoli Golpaygani, A. Ataee, S. Amani, M. Taheri |
| A | | Variation in epigenetic DNA modifications following the exposure of cells to radiofrequency fields (Conference Presentation) | 900 MHz - 0.23, 1.12, 40.3 mW/cm2 | - | | 2019-(1) | Jody Cantu, Xomalin G. Peralta, Cesario Z. Cerna, Ibtissam Echchgadda |
| A | | Effect of cell phone radiation on neutrophil of mice | (3G TD-CDMA or LTE) | - | | 2019-(1) | Yinhui Pei, Hui Gao, Lin Li, Xin An, Qinyou Tian |
| A | | Direct and indirect effects of exposure to 900 MHz GSM radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on CHO cell line: Evidence of bystander effect by non-ionizing radiation | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.3 W/kg) | 2-24h/1d | | 2019-(1) | Najmeh Jooyan, Bahram Goliaei, Bahareh Bigdeli, Reza Faraji-Dana, Ali Zamani, Milad Entezami, Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi |
| A | | Mobile phone electromagnetic radiation affects Amyloid Precursor Protein and α-synuclein metabolism in SH-SY5Y cells | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.001-0.029 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.008-0.23 W/kg (body)) | 30min/2d | | 2019-(1) | Aikaterina L .Stefia, Lukas H. Margaritis, Aikaterini S. Skouroliakou, Dido Vassilacopoulou |
| F | | Effects of 2100 MHz radio frequency radiation on the viscosity of blood and oxidative stress parameters in hypertensive and normal rats | 2100 MHz - 0.079 mW/cm2 | 1h/40d | | 2018-(12) | D. Kuzay, C. Ozer, T. Goktas, B. Sirav, F. Senturk, G.T. Kaplanoglu, M. Seymen |
| F | | Effect of low-level 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation on the rat sciatic nerve and the protective role of paricalcitol ("Chemical remedy") | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.0097 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.0042 W/kg (10g)) | 1h/30d | | 2018-(13) | Ulku Comelekoglu, Savas Aktas, Burcu Demirbag, Meryem Ilkay Karagul, Serap Yalin, Metin Yildirim, Aysegul Akar, Begum Korunur Engiz, Fatma Sogut, Erkan Ozbay |
| F | | An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Electromagnetic Radiations Emitted from Mobile Phone on General Health, pH, Flow Rate and Electrolytes Concentrations of Saliva in Female Adults | - | - | | 2018-(12) | Etimad Alattar, Khitam Elwasife, Eqbal Radwan, Hadeer Abu Warda, Mohammed Abujami |
| F | | Exposure to cell phone radiofrequency changes corticotrophin hormone levels and histology of the brain and adrenal glands in male Wistar rat | 900 MHz (2G CDMA) - (SAR, specs, 1.01 W/kg) | 6h/28-56d | | 2018-(6) | Sima Shahabi, Iman Hassanzadeh Taji, Maedeh Hoseinnezhaddarzi, Fateme Mousavi, Shermineh Shirchi, Atena Nazari, Hooman Zarei, Fereshteh Pourabdolhossein |
| F | | Effects of mobile phone prolonged radiation on kidney cells; an in-vitro study | 900 MHz (GSM) | 1-2h/8d | | 2018-(5) | Golshan Mahmoudi, Safoora Nikzad, Mohammad Mehrpouyan, Masoud Moslehi, Milad Baradaran- Ghahfarokhi, Amirreza Dashty |
| F | | Exposure to Global System for Mobile Communication 900 MHz Cellular Phone Radiofrequency Alters Growth, Proliferation and Morphology of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.35 mW/cm2 | 5-101m/3-5d | | 2018-(5) | Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei, Batool Hashemi-Beni , Alireza Moradi, Maryam Aliakbari, Saghar Shahbazi-Gahrouei |
| F | | Exposure to 1.8 GHz electromagnetic fields affects morphology, DNA-related Raman spectra and mitochondrial functions in human lympho-monocytes | 1800 MHz (CW) - 0.046-10 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.21 W/kg) | 1-20h/1d | | 2018-(26) | M. Lasalvia, R. Scrima, G. Perna, C. Piccoli, N. Capitanio, P. F. Biagi, L. Schiavulli, T. Ligonzo, M. Centra, G. Casamassima, A. Ermini, V. Capozzi |
| A | | Low power microwaves induce changes in gating function of Trpv4 ion channel proteins | 1800 Mhz - 0.58 mW/cm2 | 4h/1d | | 2017-(1) | Sohni Jain, Sara Baratchi, Elena Pirogova |
| F | | Effect of Chronic Exposure to GSM 900/1800 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation on General Blood Physiology and Reproductive Function in Male Rats | 900 MHz (GSM), 1800 MHz (GSM)- 0.09 mW/cm2 | 2h/90d | | 2017-(8) | Chaithanya K., Kumari Preeti, Rema Razdan, Karan Devasani |
| F | | Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation on Surface Tension and Volume Flow Rate of Human Blood groups | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.91 W/kg) | 30-60m/1d | | 2017-(6) | Somayeh Arian Rad, Adeel Ahmad |
| F | | The response of human bacteria to static magnetic field and radiofrequency electromagnetic field | 900-1800 MHz (CW) | - | | 2017-(7) | David P. E. Crabtree, Brandon J. Herrera, Sanghoon Kang |
| A | | The effects of low power microwaves at 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz on yeast cells growth | 1800-2100 MHz (CW) - 0.0012-0.6 mW/cm2 | 6h/1d | | 2017-(1) | Sohni Jain, Vuk Vojisaveljevic, Elena Pirogova |
| A | | Low power microwaves at 1.8 GHz and 2.1 GHz induce chages in Catalase enzyme kinetics | 1800-2100 MHz(CW) - 0.0012-0.6 mW/cm2 | 5m/1d | | 2017-(1) | Sohni Jain, Vuk Vojisaveljevic, Elena Pirogova |
| A | | Alterations of thymic morphology and antioxidant biomarkers in 60-day-old male rats following exposure to a continuous 900 MHz electromagnetic field during adolescence | 900 MHz - 0.0208 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.0067 W/kg (body)) | 1h/38d | | 2017-(7) | A. Kulaber, G. Kerimoğlu, Ş. Ersöz, S. Çolakoğlu, E. Odacı |
| F | | Acute effects of mobile phone radiations on subtle energy levels of teenagers using electrophotonic imaging technique: A randomized controlled study | 2100 MHz (3G UMTS) - 0.00013 mW/cm2 | 15min/1d | | 2017-(7) | Hemant Bhargav, T.M. Srinivasan, Suman Bista, A. Mooventhan, Vandana Suresh, Alex Hankey, H.R. Nagendra |
| F | | Hair Loss due to Electromagnetic Radiation from Overuse of Cell Phone (case report) | - | - | | 2016-(3) | Rajendrasingh J. Rajput |
| F | | Effect of Electromagnetic Waves Emitted from Mobile Phone on Nerve Conduction Velocity of Median Nerve in Adult Males | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.702 W/Kg) | 10min/1d | | 2016-(5) | K. Dabla, K. Singh |
| F | | Effect of Exposure to 900 MHz GSM Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation on Estrogen Receptor Methylation Status in Colon Cells of Male Sprague Dawley Rats | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 0.95 W/kg) | 4h/1d | | 2016-(8) | P. Mokarram, M. Sheikhi, S.M.J. Mortazavi, S. Saeb, N. Shokrpour |
| A | | Parallel β‐sheet vibration band increases with proteins dipole moment under exposure to 1765 MHz microwaves | 1765 MHz - 0.094 mW/cm2 | 4h/1d | | 2016-(1) | Emanuele Calabrò, Salvatore Magazù |
| A | | Mobile phone exposure influences some erythrocytes parameters in vitro. A novel source of preanalytical variability? (red blood cells) | 900 MHz (GSM) | 30min/1d | | 2016-(1) | Elisa Danese, Giuseppe Lippi, Giorgio Brocco, Martina Montagnana, Gian Luca Salvagno |
| A | | Adverse effects in lumbar spinal cord morphology and tissue biochemistry in Sprague Dawley male rats following exposure to a continuous 1-h a day 900-MHz electromagnetic field throughout adolescence | 900 MHz (CW) | 1h/38d | | 2016-(1) | Gökçen Kerimoğlu, Ali Aslan, Orhan Baş, Serdar Çolakoğlu, Ersan Odacı |
| A | | Morphological and antioxidant impairments in the spinal cord of male offspring rats following exposure to a continuous 900 MHz electromagnetic field during early and mid-adolescence | 900 MHz (CW) - 0.021 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.01 W/kg (body)) | 1h/25d | | 2015-(1) | Ayşe İkinci, Tolga Mercantepe, Deniz Unal, Hüseyin Serkan Erol, Arzu Şahin, Ali Aslan, Orhan Baş, Havva Erdem, Osman Fikret Sönmez, Haydar Kaya, Ersan Odaci |
| F | | Oxidative changes and apoptosis induced by 1800-MHz electromagnetic radiation in NIH/3T3 cells | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 2 W/kg) | (5 min on/10 min off) 0.5-8.0h/1d | | 2015-(8) | Qingxia Hou, Minglian Wang, Shuicai Wu, Xuemei Ma, Guangzhou An, Huan Liu, Fei Xi |
| A | | Effects of microwaves (900 MHz) on peroxidase systems: A comparison between lactoperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.038 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.00004 W/kg) | 30min/1d | | 2015-(1) | Mario Barteri, Roberta De Carolis, Fiorenzo Marinelli, Goliardo, Linda Celeste Montemiglio |
| F | | 2.1 GHz electromagnetic field does not change contractility and intracellular Ca2+ transients but decreases β-adrenergic responsiveness through nitric oxide signaling in rat ventricular myocytes | 2100 MHz (GSM) - 0.138 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.83 W/kg) | 2h/70d | | 2015-(8) | Yusuf Olgar , Enis Hidisoglu , Murat Cenk Celen , Bilge Eren Yamasan , Piraye Yargicoglu, Semir Ozdemir |
| A | | Effects of electromagnetic field (1.8/0.9 GHz) exposure on growth plate in growing rats | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) | 2h/90d | | 2015-(30) | H. Ozlem Nisbet, Aysegul Akar, Cevat Nisbet, M. Yavuz Gulbahar, Ahmet Ozak, Cenk Yardimci, Selcuk Comlekci |
| F | | Effects of RF-EMF Exposure from GSM Mobile Phones on Proliferation Rate of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells: An In-vitro Study | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.35 mW/cm2 (SAR 2.0 W/kg) | 6-21min /5d | | 2015-(10) | D. Shahbazi-Gahrouei, B. Hashmi-Beni, Z. Ahmadi |
| F | | Ameliorative Effect of Two Antioxidants on The Liver of Male Albino Rats Exposed to Electromagnetic Field ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz - 1.4 mW/cm2 | 2h/3d x 8 | | 2015-(20) | A. Eid Fatma, M. El-Gendy Ahkam, A. Zahkouk Samir, A. El-Tahway Nomaan, A. El-Shamy Sawsan |
| F | | Effects of cell phone radiation on the levels of T3, T4 and TSH, and histological changes in thyroid gland in rats treated with hydroalcholic Allium sativum extract | 900 MHz (GSM) | 12 x 10min/30d | | 2014-(8) | Behnaz Hajioun, H. Jowhari, M. Mokhtari |
| F | | Selenium Reduces Mobile Phone (900 MHz)-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function, and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz (GSM) - 0.0012 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.36 W/kg) | 1h/1d | | 2014-(9) | Mehmet Cemal Kahya, Mustafa Nazıroğlu, Bilal Çiğ |
| F | | Effects of microwave exposure and Gemcitabine treatment on apoptotic activity in Burkitt’s lymphoma (Raji) cells | 1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.42 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.35 W/kg (10g)) | 24h/1d | | 2014-(5) | Ayşe G. Canseven, Meric Arda Esmekaya, Handan Kayhan, Mehmet Zahid Tuysuz, Nesrin Seyhan |
| F | | Differential Pro-Inflammatory Responses of Astrocytes and Microglia Involve STAT3 Activation in Response to 1800 MHz Radiofrequency Fields | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 2 W/kg) | (5 min on/10 min off) 1-24h/1d | | 2014-(12) | Yonghui Lu, Mindi He, Yang Zhang, Shangcheng Xu, Lei Zhang, Yue He, Chunhai Chen, Chuan Liu, Huifeng Pi, Zhengping Yu, Zhou Zhou |
| F | | 17-B-Estradiol Counteracts the Effects of High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Trophoblastic Connexins and Integrins | 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR, specs, 2 W/kg) | 1h/1d | | 2013-(11) | Franco Cervellati, Giuseppe Valacchi, Laura Lunghi, Elena Fabbri, Paola Valbonesi, Roberto Marci, Carla Biondi, Fortunato Vesce |
| F | | Mobile Phone Radiation Induced Plasma Protein Alterations And Eye Pathology In Newly Born Mice | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.5 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.78 W/kg) | 45min/30d | | 2013-(21) | F. Eid, M. Abou Zeid, N Hanafi, A. El-Dahshan |
| F | | In vitro Effect of Radiofrequency on hsp70 Gene Expression and Immune– effector Cells of Birds | 850 MHz (GSM), 1200 MHz - (SAR 1.7 W/kg) | 5-60min/1d | | 2013-(6) | Pradip Kumar Das, Chandrakanta Jana, Thulasiraman Parkunan, Probal Ranjan Ghosh, Siddhartha Narayan Joardar, Guru Desika Vishaga Pandiyan, Joydip Mukherjee, Sagar Sanyal |
| F | | Unfolding and Aggregation of Myoglobin Can Be Induced by Three Hours’ Exposure to Mobile Phone Microwaves: A FTIR Spectroscopy Study | 1765 MHz (GSM) - 0.08 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.85 W/kg) | 3h/1d | | 2013-(8) | Emanuele Calabròa, Salvatore Magazùa |
| F | | Electromagnetic fields (UHF) increase voltage sensitivity of membrane ion channels; possible indication of cell phone effect on living cells | 910-990 MHz (CW) - 0.005 mW/cm2 | 1-2m/1d | | 2013-(14) | N. Ketabi, H. Mobasheri, R. Faraji-Dana |
| F | | Is the effect of mobile phone radiofrequency waves on human skin perfusion non-thermal ? | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.49 W/kg (10g)) | 20min/1d | | 2013-(26) | Nathalie Loos, Gyorgy Thuroczy, Rania Ghosn, Val´erie Brenet-Dufour, Sophie Liabeuf, Brahim Selmaoui, Jean-Pierre Libert, V´eronique Bach, Momar Diouf, Ren´e De Seze |
A A |
| 1800 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.5-4 W/kg) | 15min/1d | | 2012-(1) 2013-(1) | Wenjun Sun, Xiuying Shen, Dongbo Lu, Yiti Fu, Deqiang Lu, Huai Chiang | |
| F | | Effect of 935-MHz phone-simulating electromagnetic radiation on endometrial glandular cells during mouse embryo implantation | 935 MHz (CW) - 0.15-1.4 mW/cm2 | 2h, 4h/3d | | 2012-(5) | Wenhui Liu, Xinmin Zheng, Zaiqing Qu, Ming Zhang, Chun Zhou, Ling Ma, Yuanzhen Zhang |
| F | | Effects of cell phone radiofrequency exposure on the human cytochrome P450 reductase (protein structure change) | 1900 MHz (3G UMTS) - (SAR 1 W/kg) | 1h/1d | | 2012-(6) | Shazia Tanvir, Gyorgy Thuroczy, Brahim Selmaoui, Viviane Silva Pires-Antonietti, Pascal Sonnet, Philippe Léveque, René De Seze, Sylviane Pulvin |
| F | | Influence of Electromagnetic Radiation Produced by Mobile Phone on Some Biophysical Blood Properties in Rats | 900 MHz (GSM) | 1h/90d, 180d | | 2012-(4) | Abu Bakr El-Bediwi, Mohamed Saad, Attalla F. El-kott, Eman Eid |
| F | | Biophysical Properties of Liquid Water Exposed to EM Radio Frequency Radiation | 890-915 MHz (GSM), 1710-1785 MHz (GSM) - 0.055 mW/cm2, 0.0017 mW/cm2 | 1-1.5h/1d | | 2012-(21) | Valery Shalatonin |
| F | | Electromagnetic Fields Effects on the Secondary Structure of Lysozyme and Bioprotective Effectiveness of Trehalose ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz (GSM) - (SAR 0.96 W/kg) | 4h/1d | | 2012-(6) | Emanuele Calabro, Salvatore Magazù |
| F | | Electromagnetic Treatment to Old Alzheimer's Mice Reverses β-Amyloid Deposition, Modifies Cerebral Blood Flow, and Provides Selected Cognitive Benefit | 918 MHz (GSM) - 0.076-0.32 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.25-1.05 W/kg) | 2h/12d, 60d | | 2012-(14) | Gary W. Arendash, Takashi Mori, Maggie Dorsey, Rich Gonzalez, Naoki Tajiri, Cesar Borlongan |
| F | | Effects of 900 and 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Field Application on Electrocardiogram, Nitric Oxide, Total Antioxidant Capacity, Total Oxidant Capacity, Total Protein, Albumin and Globulin Levels in Guinea Pigs | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.000135-0.000355 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.0015-0.15 W/kg) | 4h/20d | | 2011-(6) | Metin Çenesız, Onur Atakışı, Ayşegül Akar, Güven Önbılgın, Neslihan Ormanci |
| F | | Morphological changes induced by mobile phone radiation in liver and pancreas in Wistar albino rats | (GSM) | 30min, 60min/91d | | 2010-(5) | Sultan Ayoub Meo, Muhammad Arif, Shahzad Rashied, Sufia Husain, Muhammad M. Khan, Abeer A. Al Masri, Muhammad S. Vohra, Adnan M. Usmani, Ashraf Husain, Abdul M. Al-Drees |
| A | | Comparison of biological effects between continuous and intermittent exposure to GSM-900-MHz mobile phone radiation: Detection of apoptotic cell-death features | 900 MHz (GSM) | 1h/91d, 182d | | 2010-(1) | Evangelia D. Chavdoula, Dimitris J. Panagopoulos, Lukas H. Margaritis |
| F | | Bioeffects of mobile telephony radiation in relation to its intensity or distance from the antenna | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - 0.0002-0.378 mW/cm2 | 6min/6d | | 2010-(13) | Dimitris J. Panagopoulos, Evangelia D. Chavdoula, Lukas H. Margaritis |
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