Various MW Freq. Hazards Experiments
A variety of experiments related to telecom radiation confirms its harmfulness
Experimental studies investigating the effects of radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (MW) radiation from diverse sources, including novel and mixed-frequency exposures, provide critical insights into their biological impacts. This section consolidates findings from studies on non-telecom RF fields and combined exposure setups (e.g., 3G + Wi-Fi). Observed effects span oxidative stress, neurological disruptions, altered developmental pathways, and immune modulation. ...
The evidence underscores the complexity of interactions between electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and biological systems, emphasizing the need for comprehensive risk assessments.
The increasing diversity of RF and MW radiation sources has raised concerns about their potential health impacts. Beyond conventional telecom frequencies (e.g., 900 MHz, 1800 MHz), emerging technologies and mixed-frequency applications expose biological systems to complex EMF environments. This section synthesizes data from studies on novel and combined exposures, highlighting key mechanisms and biological outcomes.
Mechanisms of Action:
Non-Thermal Effects:
EMFs induce oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairing antioxidant defenses (Abbasova et al., 2022).
Alterations in gene expression related to neuronal migration, cellular repair, and immune response pathways occur at low SAR levels (Yildirim et al., 2022).
Frequency-Specific Impacts:
Different frequencies elicit distinct biological responses. For instance, exposure to 6 GHz enhances bone ossification in prenatal rats, while 10.7 GHz influences neuronal gene expression in developing fetuses (Karamazi et al., 2024; Yildirim et al., 2022).
Observed Biological Effects:
Oxidative Stress and Cellular Damage:
Exposure to combined Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz) and mobile phone (900 MHz) radiation significantly increases malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and reduces glutathione (GSH), markers of oxidative stress in plasma and erythrocytes (Sangi et al., 2021).
Morphological alterations in fibroblasts include disrupted cytoskeletal organization and increased lysosome formation under 1.6 GHz RF exposure (Massaro et al., 2024).
Neurological and Cognitive Impacts:
Combined 800 MHz and 2.65 GHz RF exposure in mice induces anxiety-like behaviors mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and cannabinoid pathways (Xue et al., 2024).
Acute 3 GHz RF exposure increases neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission, altering hippocampal function (Echchgadda et al., 2021).
Developmental and Reproductive Effects:
Prenatal exposure to 6 GHz RF during bone development enhances ossification zones and fetal bone length but raises questions about potential long-term metabolic impacts (Karamazi et al., 2024).
Combined Wi-Fi and mobile phone exposure disrupts male sperm viability and increases DNA fragmentation (Ranjitsingh et al., 2022).
Immune and Microbiome Modulation:
RF exposures alter gut microbiome diversity and exacerbate inflammatory responses, with increased cytokine production observed under combined Wi-Fi and telecom frequencies (Mortazavi et al., 2022).
Significant changes in peripheral blood parameters, including reduced leukocyte counts and altered hemoglobin levels, occur after multifrequency exposure (Orlova et al., 2022).
Mixed Frequency Studies:
Experimental Outcomes:
Simultaneous exposure to multiple frequencies, such as 3.5 GHz + 28 GHz + 37 GHz, leads to adaptive hematological changes post-exposure, demonstrating the potential for biological aftereffects (Orlova et al., 2022).
Combined 900 MHz + 2.4 GHz RF exposure exacerbates pancreatic damage and hyperglycemia in diabetic rats, with pomegranate extract showing partial mitigation (Sangi et al., 2021).
Frequency Modulation Effects:
Modulation-specific impacts highlight the importance of waveform properties. For example, 2.4 GHz RF with sinusoidal modulation at 100 Hz significantly alters sleep-wake behavior, whereas continuous modulation does not (Deng et al., 2024).
Discussion: The diversity of RF and MW exposures underscores the complexity of EMF-biological interactions. Mixed-frequency and non-telecom exposures reveal unique effects that differ from those observed under single-frequency setups. These findings emphasize the importance of considering combined and novel exposure scenarios in risk assessments.
Conclusion: Experimental evidence highlights the need for further studies to elucidate the long-term impacts of diverse RF and MW exposures. Understanding the cumulative and combined effects of EMFs is critical for developing informed safety guidelines and public health recommendations.
Keywords: radiofrequency, microwave radiation, oxidative stress, mixed frequencies, neuronal impacts, developmental effects, immune modulation, risk assessment.
-Text generated by AI superficially, for more specific but also more surprising data check the tables below-Very related sections:
↑ text updated (AI generated): 03/01/2025
↓ tables updated (Human): 11/01/2025
Applied Fields - Hazards
Various MW Freq. Hazards Experiments
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| F |  | Cell phone EMF effect on mitBK channel activity, a possible biophysical cause of cancer | - | - |  | 2024-(7) | M. Rezaei, H. Mobasheri, A. Eliassi, J. Fahanik-Babaei |
| F | | Ameliorative potential of flavonoids and antioxidants on the cell phone and Wifi induced Neuro-degeneration and Oxidative Stress in the Rats ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz | 1h/56d |  | 2024-(10) | Sibghatullah Muhammad Ali Sangi, Hadiya Sibghatullah, Elsamoual Ibrahim Ahmedani, Noor ul Huda Sibghatullah, Shah Murad Mastoi, Nagaraja Sree Harsha, Vivek Balasubramanian , Yousef Hodhi Raji Al Saadi , Mohammad Madloul Al Shammari |
| A |  | Effect of 6 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field on the development of fetal bones | 6 GHz - (SAR 0.054 W/kg) | 4h/42+18d | | 2024-(1) | Yasin Karamazı, Mustafa Emre, Sümeyye Uçar, Gülsevinç Aksoy, Toygar Emre, Murat Tokuş |
| A | | Assessing Cell Viability and Genotoxicity in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Exposed to 2100 MHz and 2300 MHz Electromagnetic Field Radiations | 2.1 GHz, 2.3 GHz - 0.12 mW/cm2 | 0.5-8h/7d | | 2024-(1) | Surbhi Sharma, Priyanka Sharma, Joat Singh, Shalini Bahel, Rahil Dutta, Adarsh Pal Vig, Jatinder Kaur Katnoria |
| F |  | Study of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects induced in human fibroblasts by exposure to pulsed and continuous 1.6 GHz radiofrequency | 1.6 GHz - (SAR 0.4 W/kg) | 2h/1d | | 2024-(16) | Luca Massaro, Stefania De Sanctis, Valeria Franchini, Elisa Regalbuto, Gaetano Alfano, Chiara Focaccetti, Monica Benvenuto, Loredana Cifaldi, Antonella Sgura, Francesco Berardinelli, Jessica Marinaccio, Federica Barbato, Erica Rossi, Daniela Nardozi, Laura Masuelli, Roberto Bei, Florigio Lista |
| F |  | Epidemiological exploration of the impact of bluetooth headset usage on thyroid nodules using Shapley additive explanations method | 2.4 GHz (Bluetooth) | - | | 2024-(14) | Nan Zhou, Wei Qin, Jia‑Jin Zhang, Yun Wang, Jian‑ShengWen, Yang Mooi Lim |
| F | | Impact of specific electromagnetic radiation on wakefulness in mice | 2.4 GHz (10-1000 Hz modulated) | 9d | | 2024-(7) | Hu Deng, Lingyu Liu, Xiaping Tang, Yingxian Lu, Xiaofei Wang, Yanyu Zhao, Yigong Shi |
| F | | The endocannabinoid system is involved in the anxiety-like behavior induced by dual-frequency 2.65/0.8 GHz electromagnetic radiation in mice | 800 MHz + 2.65 GHz - (SAR 4 W/kg) | 4h/21d | | 2024-(15) | Teng Xue, Rui-Han Ma, Chou Xu, Bin Sun, Dong-Fei Yan, Xiao-Man Liu, Dawen Gao, Zhi-Hui Li, Yan Gao, Chang-Zhen Wang |
| A | | The effect of 6GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on rat pain perception | 6 GHz | - | | 2024-(1) | Mustafa Emre, Yasin Karamazi, Toygar Emre, Çağrı Avci, Cagatay Aydin, Sonia Ebrahimi, Ayper Boga Pekmezekmek |
| A | | Mobile Phone Use and Risks of Overall and 25 Site-specific Cancers: A Prospective Study from the UK Biobank Study | - | - | | 2023-(1) | Yanjun Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Ziliang Ye, Sisi Yang, Mengyi Liu, Qimeng Wu, Chun Zhou, Panpan He, Xiaoqin Gan, Xianhui Qin |
| A | | Numerical optimization of blood viscosity to assess the impact of electromagnetic radiation using headphones | - | 1-4h/1d | | 2023-(6) | Daniel Ribeiro Dessaune, Jornandes Dias Da Silva |
| F | | Effect of Mobile Phone with and without Earphones Usage on Nickel Ion Release from Fixed Orthodontic Appliance | - | - | | 2023-(5) | Ramya Rajendran, Sudhakar Venkatachalapathy, Balavignesh Thiyagarajan, Sruthi Jeevagan, Anandadevi Chinnasamy, Muruganandam Sivanandham |
| A | | Acute radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure impairs neurogenesis and causes neuronal DNA damage in the young rat brain | 2115 MHz - (SAR 1.5 W/kg) | 8h/35d | | 2023-(1) | Kumari Vandana Singh, Chandra Prakash, Jay Prakash Nirala, Ranjan Kumar Nanda, Paulraj Rajamani |
| A | | Investigating the Effects of 2850 MHz Electromagnetic Field Radiations on the Growth, Germination and Antioxidative Defense System of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seedlings | 2850 MHz | 1-4h/7d | | 2022-(1) | N. Johal, D. Batish, A. Pal, S. Chandel, M. Pal |
| A | | The effects of long-term prenatal exposure to 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz electromagnetic field radiation on myocardial tissue of rats | 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz | 6-24h/20d | | 2022-(1) | Sahin Bozok, Erturk Karaagac, Dila Sener, Dilek Akakin, Levent Tumkaya |
| F | | The Effect of Radiofrequency Waves on Pregnant Mice in Association with Genes Involved in Neuronal Migration | 10.7 GHz (CW) - 0.84 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.7 W/kg) | 12h/- | | 2022-(8) | Alkım Gülşah Şahi̇ngöz Yildirim, Emin Karaca, Oğuz Gözen, Burak Durmaz, Teoman Yildiz, Nuri Yildirim, Özgür Yeni̇el, Mete Ergenoğlu, Cumhur Gündüz, Ersin Köylü, Özgür Çoğulu, Sermet Sağol |
| F | | Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Emitted from Mobile Phones and Wi-Fi Router on the Growth Rate and Susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis to Antibiotics | 900-1800 MHz (GSM), 2.4 GHz (Wi-Fi) | 2-24h/1d | | 2022-(8) | Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi, Mohammad Taheri, Maryam Paknahad, Salar Khandadash |
| F | | Effects of Daily Exposure to Microwave Radiation on Biophysical Properties of Rat’s Cornea | 1.52 GHz (CW) - 0.00007 mW/cm2 | 8h/1-9d | | 2022-(15) | Rana Mohamed, Aida Salama, Mona Gamal, Sahar Awad |
| F | | Rat hematological parameters of subacute multifrequency electromagnetic next-generation cellular communications exposure (in Russian) | 3.5 GHz + 28 GHz + 37 GHz - 0.5 mW/cm2 | 23h/30d | | 2022-(9) | V. S. Orlova, S. Y. Perov, R. R. Lifanova, S. A. Pinegin |
| F | | Changes in the Excitability of Primary Hippocampal Neurons Following Exposure to 3.0 GHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields | 3 GHz - (SAR 0.3 W/kg) | 60m/1d | | 2022-(12) | Ibtissam Echchgadda, Jody C. Cantu, Gleb P. Tolstykh, Joseph W. Butterworth, Jason A. Payne, Bennett L. Ibey |
| A | | The Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Rat Blood | 460 MHz - 0.01-0.03 mW/cm2 | 20m/20d | | 2022-(1) | M. T. Abbasova, A. M. Gadzhiev |
| F | | Amelioration of Cell Phone and Wi Fi induced Pancreatic Damage and Hyperglycemia (Diabetes Mellitus) with Pomegranate and Vit E in Rats ("chemical remedy") | 900 MHz + 2.4 GHz | 1h/56d | | 2021-(12) | Hadiya Sibghatullah, Sibghatullah Muhammad Ali Sangi, Elsamoual Ibrahim Ahmedani, Ali Alqahtani, Abdulhakim Bawadekji, Sreeharsha Nagaraja |
| F | | Original Findings Confirmed in Replication Study: Provocation with 2.4 GHz Cordless Phone affects the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) as measured by Heart Rate Variability (HRV) | 2.4 GHz - 0.003-0.008 mW/cm2 | 9-30m/1d | | 2021-(17) | Magda Havas, Jeffrey Marrongelle |
| F | | The influence of microwave electromagnetic radiation on rat heart morphogenesis during thyroidectomy | 1 GHz - 0.00011 mW/cm2 | 45m-2h/1d | | 2021-(9) | O. O. Drobakhin, V. I. Magro, V. V. Kosharnyi, V. H. Rutgaizer, L. V. Abdul-Ohly |
| F | | Radiofrequency EMF irradiation effects on pre-B lymphocytes undergoing somatic recombination | 720-1224 MHz - 0.0002-0.0095 mW/cm2 | 24h/2d | | 2021-(12) | Elena Ioniţă, Aurelian Marcu, Mihaela Temelie, Diana Savu, Mihai Şerbănescu, Mihai Ciubotaru |
| A | | Differential Effects of Decimetric Electromagnetic Microwaves on Pyruvate Kinase Activity in the Rat Brain during Ontogenesis | not specified (decimetric = 300-3000 MHz) - 0.01-0.03 mW/cm2 | 20m/10d | | 2021-(1) | A. M. Rashidova |
| A | | Influence of a low-intensity electromagnetic field on the process of self-assembly of the core histones H3.2 and H4 | 1 GHz - 0.0001 mW/cm2 | 10m/1d | | 2021-(1) | G. E. Brill, Anna V. Egorova, Olga V. Ushakova |
| A | | Electromagnetic Irradiation Evokes Physiological and Molecular Alterations in Rice (plant) | 1837.5 MHz - 0.275 mW/cm2 | 6h/12-32d | | 2021-(1) | Ardhendu Kundu, Sathish Vangaru, Somnath Bhattacharyya, Amirul I. Mallick, Bhaskar Gupta |
| A | | Effects of 2600 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation in Brain Tissue of Male Wistar Rats and Neuroprotective Effects of Melatonin | 2600 MHz - (SAR 0.44 W/kg (1g)) | 30m/30d | | 2021-(1) | Kevser Delen, Bahriye Sırav, Sinem Oruç, Cemile M. Seymen, Dilek Kuzay, Korkut Yeğin, Gülnur Take Kaplanoğlu |
| F | | Destructive Processes in the Cardiovascular System Under the Electromagnetic Radiation Action | 650-800 MHz | - | | 2020-(4) | U. K. Kayumov, G. M. Khamidova , M. L. Saipova , D. T. Khatamova , SH. Z. Musaeva , D. E. Nurmukhamedova |
| A | | Morphological changes in the vertebrae and central canal of rat pups born after exposure to the electromagnetic field of pregnant rats | 900 MHz | 1h/8d | | 2020-(1) | Ayşe İkinci Keleş |
| A | | Influences of exposure to 915-MHz radiofrequency identification signals on serotonin metabolites in rats: A pilot study | 915 MHz (RFID) - (SAR 2 W/kg) | 8h/10d | | 2020-(1) | Hye Sun Kim, Man-Jeong Paik, Chan Seo, Hyung Do Choi, Jeong-Ki Pack, Nam Kim, Young Hwan Ahn |
| F | | Effect of mobile phone signal radiation on epigenetic modulation in the hippocampus of Wistar rat | 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2450 MHz - (SAR ~0.0006 W/kg) | 2h/30-180d | | 2020-(10) | Ranjeet Kumar, Pravin S .Deshmukh, Sonal Sharma, Basu Dev Banerjee |
| F | | Radiofrequency electromagnetic field affects Heart Rate Variability in Rabbits | 1788 MHz, GSM | 2.5h/1d | | 2020-(21) | Jakub Misek, Marcel Veterník, Ingrid Tonhajzerova, Viera Jakusova, Ladislav Janousek, Jan Jakus |
| F | | Correlation of Blood Oxidative Stress Parameters to Indoor Radiofrequency Radiation: A Cross Sectional Study in Jordan | - | - | | 2020-(7) | Yazan Akkam, Ahmed A. Al-Taani, Salam Ayasreh, Abeer Almutairi, Nosaibah Akkam |
| F | | Modulation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm by electromagnetic radiation (bacteria) | 1-5 GHz | 3h/1d | | 2020-(3) | Samuel Bucko, Anna Čuvalová, Ján Labun, Ján Zbojovský, Dobroslava Bujňáková, Vladimír Kmeť |
| F | | Effect of Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation on Sex Steroids and Systemic & Local Uterine Redox Status during Early and Late Pregnancy in Rats | 900, 1800, 2450 MHz | 24h/7-18d | | 2020-(10) | Akmal Ahmed Hassan Diab, Mohamed Hussein Mohamed Ibrahim,Shreen Elaraby Bedear, Eman Abdel Raouf Mohammed |
| F | | Morphological and cytophysiological changes in selected lines of normal and cancer human cells under the influence of a radio-frequency electromagnetic field | 2.5 GHz | 24h/1-3d | | 2020-(9) | Romuald Górski, Agnieszka Nowak-Terpiłowska, Paweł Śledziński, Mikołaj Baranowski, Stanisław Wosiński |
| F | | Autonomic Nervous System Disorder Due to Exposure RF Jamming | - | 15-45min /1d | | 2020-(9) | Ibrahim T. Ibrahim, Suad M. Al-Deen, Ajial S. Hassan |
| F | | Protective Effects of Vitamin E on Mobile Phone Induced Injury in The Brain of Rats ("chemical remedy") | - | 24h/56d | | 2020-(8) | Sibghatullah Muhammad Ali Sangi, Abdulhakim Bawadekji, Nawaf M. Alotaibi, Ahmed M. Aljameeli, Samreen Soomro |
| A | | Comparison of effects of 2.4GHz Wi-Fi and mobile phone exposure on human placenta and cord blood | - | - | | 2020-(1) | Hava Bektas, Suleyman Dasdag, Mehmet Selcuk Bektas |
| A | | Paramagnetic property of proteins in aqueous solution can be highlighted even at low intensity electromagnetic fields | 0.01 mW/cm2 | - | | 2020-(1) | Emanuele Calabrò, Salvatore Magazù |
| F | | Testing of behavioral and cognitive development in rats after prenatal exposure to 1800 and 2400 MHz radiofrequency fields | 1800 MHz (GSM), 2400 MHz (Wi-Fi) - 0.1-1 mW/cm2 | 12h/21d | | 2020-(10) | Zhi-qiang Li, Yuan Zhang, Yue-Meng Wan, Qiong Zhou, Chang Liu, Hui-Xin Wu, Yun-Zheng Mu, Yue-Feng He, Ritika Rauniyar, Xi-Nan Wu |
| A | | Weak radiofrequency fields affect the insect circadian clock | - | - | | 2019-(1) | Premysl Bartos, Radek Netusil, Pavel Slaby, David Dolezel, Thorsten Ritz, Martin Vacha |
| F | | The electrical potential of nicotiana Benthamiana affectted by microwave exposure (plant) | 2.01 (CW) | - | | 2019-(6) | M. D. H. J. Senavirathna, T. Asaeda |
| F | | May electromagnetic field exposure during pregnancy have a negative effect on anthropometric measurements of the newborn? | - | - | | 2019-(6) | Özge Kömürcü Karuserci 1 , Nilgün Çöl 2 , Can Demirel |
| F | | Validation of potential effects on human health of in vivo experimental models studied in rats exposed to sub-thermal radiofrequency. Possible health risks due to the interaction of electromagnetic pollution and environmental particles | 900 MHz, 2450 MHz - (SAR 0.04 - 1.3 W/kg) | 0.5-2h/1d | | 2019-(13) | Aaron A. Salas-Sánchez, Alberto López-Furelos, J. Antonio Rodríguez-González, Francisco J. Ares-Pena, M. Elena López Martín |
| A | | The influence of low-intensity electromagnetic field on the process of self-organization of linker histone H1 | 1000 Mhz - 0.001 mW/cm2 | - | | 2019-(1) | G. E. Brill, A. V. Egorova, I. O. Bugaeva, D. E. Postnov, O. V. Ushakova |
| F | | Assessment of the effects of radiofrequency radiation on human colon epithelium cells | 1800-2600 MHz | 3-6h/1d | | 2019-(10) | A. Tomruk, Y. K. Terzi, G. Ozturk Guler |
| A | | Activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat brain following low-intensity microwave exposure | 900-2450 MHz - (SAR 0.0058 - 0.067 W/kg) | -/30d | | 2019-(1) | Ranjeet Kumar, Pravin S. Deshmukh, Sonal Sharma, BasuDev Banerjee |
| F | | A Prospective Cohort Study of Adolescents’ Memory Performance and Individual Brain Dose of Microwave Radiation from Wireless Communication | - | - | | 2018-(13) | Milena Foerster, Arno Thielens, Wout Joseph, Marloes Eeftens, Martin Röösli |
| F | | Exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic field triggers rapid uptake of large nanosphere clusters by pheochromocytoma cells | 18 GHz - (SAR 0.85 W/kg) | 1.5min/1d | | 2018-(14) | Palalle G. Tharushi Perera, The Hong Phong Nguyen, Chaitali Dekiwadia, Jason V Wandiyanto, Igor Sbarski, Olga Bazaka, Kateryna Bazaka, Russell J Crawford, Rodney J Croft, Elena P Ivanova |
| A | | Influence of electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency on sensitivity of plants to cold stress | 55-66 GHz - 0.066 mW/cm2 | 150min/1d | | 2018-(1) | Alexander Nikitin, Diana Suhareva, Egor Mishchenko, Alesya Zubareva, Olga Shurankova, Ruslan Spirov |
| F | | Association between daily exposure to electromagnetic radiation from 4G smartphone and 2.45-GHz wi-fi and oxidative damage to semen of males attending a genetics clinic: a primary study | 1.8 GHz + 2.45 GHz - (SAR 3.19 W/kg (body)) | - | | 2018-(10) | Shang-Shu Ding, Ping Sun, Hong Tian, Yong-Wei Huo, Li-Rong Wang, Yan Han, Zhou Zhang, Xiang Liu, Jun-Ping Xing |
| A | | Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Field From 915 MHz Radiofrequency Identification System on Circulating Blood Cells in the Healthy Adult Rat | 915 MHz (RFID) - (SAR 2 W/kg) | 8h/10d | | 2018-(9) | Hye Sun Kim, Jae Sung Park, Yeung-Bae Jin, Hyung Do Choi, Jong Hwa Kwon, Jeong-Ki Pack, Nam Kim, Young Hwan Ahn |
| A | | Effects of electromagnetic waves emitted from 3G+wi-fi modems on human semen analysis | (3G) + 2.4 GHz - (SAR 1.3 W/kg) | 50min/1d | | 2017-(6) | Koosha Kamali, Mohammadmehdi Atarod, Saeedeh Sarhadi, Javad Nikbakht, Maryam Emami, Robab Maghsoudi, Hormoz Salimi, Bita Fallahpour, Negar Kamali, Abdolreza Momtazan, Mojtaba Ameli |
| F | | The effect of the low energy electromagnetic radiation of cell phone and Wi- Fi frequency on the calcium concentration in the exfoliated human buccal epithelium cells | 1.8 GHz + 2.4 GHz - 0.0023 mW/cm2 + 0.0025 mW/cm2 | 1-3h/1d | | 2017-(4) | Andrey Mudrak, Nicolay Kolchigin, Igor Kovalenko, Yuriy Shckorbatov |
| A | | Mechanism of Low-level Microwave Radiation Effect on Brain: Frequency Limits | 450 MHz (14-217 Hz modulated) - (SAR 0.3 W/kg) | - | | 2017-(1) | Hiie Hinrikus, Maie Bachmann, Jaanus Lass |
| A | | Selective changes in locomotor activity in mice due to low-intensity microwaves amplitude modulated in the EEG spectral domain | 10 GHz (2 Hz, 8 Hz modulated) - (SAR 0.3 W/kg) | -/6d | | 2017-(1) | V. Van Eeghem, A. El Arfani, A. Anthoula, L. Walrave, A. Pourkazemi, E. Bentea, T. Demuyser, I. Smolders, J. Stiens |
| A | | Radiation from wireless technology elevates blood glucose and body temperature in 40-year-old type 1 diabetic male | - | - | | 2017-(1) | Catherine E. Kleiber |
| F | | Non-thermal microwave radiation-induced brain tissue dehydration as a potential factor for brain functional impairment | 90-160 GHz (4 Hz modulated) - (SAR 0.05 W/kg) | 10min/1d | | 2017-(8) | Anna Nikoghosyan, Armenuhi Heqimyan, Sinerik Ayrapetyan |
| F | | Modulation of 10 GHz microwaves induced biochemical changes in differernt organs of swiss albino mice by prunus domestica fruit extract ("chemical remedy") | 10 GHz - 0.25 mW/cm2 | 2h/30d | | 2017-(9) | Faiza Rifat, Rashmi Sisodia |
| A | | Ten gigahertz microwave radiation impairs spatial memory, enzymes activity, and histopathology of developing mice brain | 10 GHz | 2h/15d | | 2017-(1) | Archana Sharma, Kavindra Kumar Kesari, Virender Kumar Saxena, Rashmi Sisodia |
| F | | Evaluation of the Effect of Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted From Wi-Fi Router and Mobile Phone Simulator on the Antibacterial Susceptibility of Pathogenic Bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli | 900 MHz (GSM) - 2.4 GHz - (SAR 0.13 W/kg) | 3-24h/1d | | 2017-(8) | M. Taheri, S. M. J. Mortazavi, M. Moradi, S. Mansouri, G. R. Hatam, F. Nouri |
| F | | The aftermath of long-term exposure to non-ionizing radiation on laboratory cultivated pine plants (Pinus halepensis M.) | 1882 MHz (DECT) | 24h/50d | | 2017-(14) | Aikaterina L. Stefi, Lukas H. Margaritis, Nikolaos S. Christodoulakis |
| F | | The effect of the non-ionizing radiation on exposed, laboratory cultivated maize (Zea mays L.) plants | 1882 MHz (DECT) | 24h/14d | | 2017-(9) | Aikaterina L. Stefi, Lukas H. Margaritis, Nikolaos S. Christodoulakis |
| F | | The effect of the non ionizing radiation on exposed, laboratory cultivated upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants | 1882 MHz (DECT) | 24h/21d | | 2017-(10) | Aikaterina L. Stefi, Lukas H. Margaritis, Nikolaos S. Christodoulakis |
| F | | Exposure to radiation from single or combined radio frequencies provokes macrophage dysfunction in the RAW 264.7 cell line | 900 MHz, 2450 MHz | 24h - 72h /1d-3d | | 2017-(1) | Alberto López-Furelos, Aarón A. Salas-Sánchez, Francisco J. Ares-Pena, José M. Leiro-Vidal, Elena López-Martín |
| F | | Evidence of cellular stress and caspase-3 resulting from a combined two-frequency signal in the cerebrum and cerebellum of Sprague-Dawley rats | 900 MHz, 2450 MHz - (SAR 0.03-0.32 W/kg) | 1-2h/1d | | 2016-(16) | Alberto López-Furelos, José Manuel Leiro-Vidal, Aarón Ángel Salas-Sánchez, Francisco José Ares-Pena, María Elena López-Martín |
| F | | The effect of the non ionizing radiation on cultivated plants of Arabidopsis thaliana (Col.) | (DECT) | - | | 2016-(1) | Aikaterina L. Stefi, Lukas H. Margaritis, Nikolaos S. Christodoulakis |
| A | | Association between Exposure to Smartphones and Ocular Health in Adolescents | - | - | | 2016-(1) | Joowon Kim, Yunji Hwang, Seungheon Kang, Minhye Kim, Tae-Shin Kim, Jay Kim, Jeongmin Seo, Hyojeong Ahn, Sungjoon Yoon, Jun Pil Yun, Yae Lim Lee, Hyunsoo Ham, Hyeong Gon Yu, Sue K. Park |
| F | | Electrosmog and autoimmune disease | (silver-threaded cap protection) | - | | 2016-(7) | Trevor G. Marshall, Trudy J. Rumann Heil |
| F | | The interaction of radio frequency and Lambda DNA | 1.0-17.0 GHz | - | | 2016-(31) | Mary Elizabeth Pearson |
| F | | Radiofrequency radiations induced genotoxic and carcinogenic effects on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) root tip cells | 900 MHz (GSM)-3.3 GHz | 24h - 48h /1d-2d | | 2016-(9) | Sadaf Tabasum Qureshi, , Sajjad Ahmed Memon, Abdul Rasool Abassi, Mahboob Ali Sial, Farooque Ali Bughio |
| A | | Long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones and Wi-Fi devices decreases plasma prolactin, progesterone, and estrogen levels but increases uterine oxidative stress in pregnant rats and their offspring | 900-1800 MHz + 2450 MHz | 1h/- | | 2015-(1) | Murat Yüksel, Mustafa Nazıroğlu, Mehmet Okan Özkaya |
| F | | The Histomorphological Changes in the Proximal Tubules of Metanephros of Developing Kidney of Chick Embryo Induced by Electromagnetic Radiations from Conventional and Advanced Mobile Phones | 900 MHz (GSM), 900 MHz (GSM) + Wifi | 15min, 30min/ 15d | | 2015-(3) | Sabah Rehman, Shadab Ahmed Butt, Naureen Waseem, Maria Yousaf |
| F | | Experimental Study of Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication Devices Electromagnetic Field Possible Hazard Health Effects | 1890 MHz (DECT) - 0.25-0.5 mW/cm2 | 2h, 3h/20d | | 2015-(3) | N.B. Rubtsova, S.Y. Perov, O.V. Belaya, E.V. Bogacheva |
| F | | Tumor promotion by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields below exposure limits for humans | unknow freq. - (SAR 0.04-2 W/kg) | 24h/504d | | 2015-(6) | Alexander Lerchl , Melanie Klose, Karen Grote, Adalbert F.X. Wilhelm, Oliver Spathmann, Thomas Fiedler, Joachim Streckert, Volkert Hansen, Markus Clemens |
| A | | Possible cause for altered spatial cognition of prepubescent rats exposed to chronic radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation | 900 MHz - (SAR 1.15 W/kg) | 1h/28d | | 2015-(1) | Sareesh Naduvil Narayanan, Raju Suresh Kumar, Kalesh M. Karun, Satheesha B. Nayak, P. Gopalakrishna Bhat |
| A | | Cognitive Impairment and Neurogenotoxic Effects in Rats Exposed to Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation | 900-1800-2450 MHz - (SAR 0.58-0.66 W/kg) | -/180d | | 2015-(1) | Pravin Suryakantrao Deshmukh, Namita Nasare, Kanu Megha, Basu Dev Banerjee, Rafat Sultana Ahmed, Digvijay Singh, Mahesh Pandurang Abegaonkar, Ashok Kumar Tripathi, Pramod Kumari Mediratta |
| A | | Low intensity microwave radiation induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and DNA damage in rat brain | 900-1800-2450 MHz - (SAR 0.58-0.66 W/kg) | 2h/6d | | 2015-(1) | Kanu Megha, Pravin Suryakantrao Deshmukh, Basu Dev Banerjee , Ashok Kumar Tripathi, Rafat Ahmed, Mahesh Pandurang Abegaonkar |
| F | | Investigation of the effects of distance from sources on apoptosis, oxidative stress and cytosolic calcium accumulation via TRPV1 channels induced by mobile phones and Wi-Fi in breast cancer cells | 900-1800-2450 MHz | 1h/1d | | 2015-(10) | Bilal Çiğ, Mustafa Nazıroğlu |
| F | | The Effect of EMF Radiation Emitted by Mobile Phone to Insect Population using Drosophila melanogaster as a Model Organism | 900-1800 MHz (GSM) - 2100 MHz (HDSPA 4G) | 24h/2d | | 2015-(5) | Ahmad Fauzi, Aloysius Duran Corebima |
| F | | A Challenging Issue in the Etiology of Speech Problems: The Effect of Maternal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields on Speech Problems in the Offspring | - | - | | 2014-(4) | S. Zarei, S.M.J. Mortazavi, A.R. Mehdizadeh, M. Jalalipour, S. Borzou, S. Taeb, M. Haghani, S.A.R. Mortazavi, M.B. Shojaei-fard, S. Nematollahi, N. Alighanbari, S. Jarideh |
| F | | Effects of fetal microwave radiation exposure on offspring behavior in mice (with some gender dependent effects) | 9.41 GHz - (SAR 2 W/kg) | 12h/15d | | 2014-(8) | Yanchun Zhang, Zhihui Li, Yan Gao, Chenggang Zhang |
| F | | Effects of millimeter wave irradiation and equivalent thermal heating on the activity of individual neurons in the leech ganglion | 60 GHz - 1-4 mW/cm2 | 1min/1d | | 2014-(9) | Sergii Romanenko, Peter H. Siegel, Daniel A. Wagenaar and Victor Pikov |
| F | | Changes in mitochondrial functioning with electromagnetic radiation of ultra high frequency as revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance methods | 465 MHz (pulsed), 2450 MHz (CW)- 6 mW/cm2 | 17min, 15min/1d | | 2014-(6) | Anatoly Burlaka, Marina Selyuk, Marat Gafurov, Sergei Lukin, Viktoria Potaskalova, Evgeny Sidorik |
| A | | Apoptotic cell death during Drosophila oogenesis is differentially increased by electromagnetic radiation depending on modulation, intensity and duration of exposure | 100-900 MHz | 6min, 60min/1d, 6d | | 2014-(1) | Niki E. Sagioglou, Areti K. Manta, Ioannis K. Giannarakis, Aikaterini S. Skouroliakou, and Lukas H. Margaritis |
| A | | 10 Ghz Microwaves Induced Biochemical, Learning and Memory Alterations in Swiss Albino Mice Brain | 10 GHz - 0.25 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.179 W/kg (body)) | 2h/30d | | 2014-(1) | Archana Sharma, Rashmi Sisodia, Deepak Bhatnagar |
| A | | The in vivo effects of low-intensity radiofrequency fields on the motor activity of protozoa | 1-10 GHz - 0.005-0.05 mW/cm2 | 0.1-10h /1d | | 2014-(1) | Elena I. Sarapultseva, Julia V. Igolkina, Viktor N. Tikhonov, Yuri E. Dubrova |
| A | | Effect of 950 MHz UHF electromagnetic radiation on biomarkers of oxidative damage, metabolism of UFA and antioxidants in the livers of young rats of different ages | 950 MHz - (SAR 1-1.3 W/kg) | 30min /27d, 36d, 51d | | 2014-(1) | Orlando V. Furtado-Filho, Juliana B. Borba, Alexsandro Dallegrave, Tânia M. Pizzolato, João A. P. Henriques, José C. F. Moreira, Jenifer Saffi |
| F | | The Effects of Low Power Microwaves at 500 MHz and 900 MHz on Yeast Cells Growth | 500-900 MHz - (SAR 0.12 W/kg (single cell) | 1-6h/1d | | 2014-(4) | Hamad S. Alsuhaim, Vuk Vojisavljevic , and Elena Pirogova |
| A | | Nanometer-scale elongation rate fluctuations in the Myriophyllum aquaticum (Parrot feather) stem were altered by radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation (plants) | 2 GHz - 0.142 mW/cm2 | 1h/1d | | 2014-(1) | Mudalige Don Hiranya Jayasanka Senavirathna, Takashi Asaeda, Bodhipaksha Lalith Sanjaya Thilakarathne, Hirofumi Kadonoa |
| A | | Short-duration exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation alters the chlorophyll fluorescence of duckweeds (Lemna minor) (plants) | 2-8 GHz | 30min, 1h, 24h/1d | | 2013-(1) | Mudalige Don Hiranya Jayasanka Senavirathnaa, Asaeda Takashi, Yuichi Kimura |
| F | | Ants can be used as bio-indicators to reveal biological effects of electromagnetic waves from some wireless apparatus (VERY INTERS. EFFECTS) | various | - | | 2013-(7) | Marie-Claire Cammaerts, Olle Johansson |
| F | | Male reproductive health under threat: Short term exposure to radiofrequency radiations emitted by common mobile jammers | - | 2h, 4h/1d | | 2013-(6) | S.M.J Mortazavi, M.E. Parsanezhad , M. Kazempour , P. Ghahramani, A.R. Mortazavi, M. Davari |
| A | | Influence of electromagnetic fields on reproductive system of male rats | 10 GHz - 0.21 mW/c2 (SAR 0.014 W/kg) | 2h/45d | | 2013-(1) | Sanjay Kumar, J. Behari, Rashmi Sisodia |
| F | | Drosophila oogenesis as a bio-marker responding to EMF sources | various (GSM, DECT, WI-FI, etc.) | 6-30min/ 3-7d | | 2013-(1) | Lukas H. Margaritis, Areti K. Manta, Konstantinos D. Kokkaliaris, Dimitra Schiza, Konstantinos Alimisis, Georgios Barkas, Eleana Georgiou, Olympia Giannakopoulou, Ioanna Kollia, Georgia Kontogianni, Angeliki Kourouzidou, Angeliki Myari, Fani Roumelioti, Aikaterini Skouroliakou, Vasia Sykioti, Georgia Varda, Konstantinos Xenos, Konstantinos Ziomas |
| A | | Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz)- and Mobile Phone (900 and 1800 MHz)-Induced Risks on Oxidative Stress and Elements in Kidney and Testis of Rats During Pregnancy and the Development of Offspring | 900-1800-2450 MHz | 1h/42d + pregnancy | | 2013-(25) | Alper Özorak, Mustafa Nazıroğlu, Ömer Çelik, Murat Yüksel, Derviş Özçelik, Mehmet Okan Özkaya, Hasan Çetin, Mehmet Cemal Kahya, Seyit Ali Kose |
| F | | Ionizing and non‐ionizing radiation and the risk of childhood cancer – illustrated with domestic radon and radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure | - | - | | 2013- (164) | Dimitri Daniel Haur |
| A | | Reactive oxygen species elevation and recovery in Drosophila bodies and ovaries following short-term and long-term exposure to DECT base EMF | 1.88-1.90 GHz - (SAR 0.008 W/kg) | 0.5h, 1h, 6h, 24h, 96h | | 2013-(1) | Areti K. Manta, Dimitrios J. Stravopodis, Issidora S. Papassideri, and Lukas H. Margaritis |
| F |  | Detection of low level microwave radiation induced deoxyribonucleic acid damage vis-à-vis genotoxicity in brain of fischer rats | 900-800-2450 MHz - (SAR 0.0006 W/kg) | 2h/30d | | 2013-(8) | Pravin Suryakantrao Deshmukh, Kanu Megha, Basu Dev Banerjee, Rafat Sultana Ahmed, Sudhir Chandna, Mahesh Pandurang Abegaonkar, Ashok Kumar Tripathi |
| F | | Swedish review strengthens grounds for concluding that radiation from cellular and cordless phones is a probable human carcinogen | - | - | | 2013-(7) | Devra Lee Davis, Santosh Kesari, Colin L. Soskolne, Anthony B. Miller, Yael Stein |
| A | | Revealing Small Hidden Changes in Human EEG by Higuchi’s Fractal Dimension | 450 MHz (40-70 Hz modulated) | (1 min off, 1 min on) 40min/1d | | 2012-(1) | M. Bachmann, A. Suhhova, J. Lass, H. Hinrikus |
| F | | Relationship between Cognition Function and Hippocampus Structure after Long-term Microwave Exposure | unknow freq. - 2.5-5-10 mW/cm2 (SAR 1.05-2.1-4.2 W/kg) | 6min/30d | | 2012-(7) | Li Zhao, Rui Yum Peng, Ming Shui Wang, Li Feng Wang, Ya Bing Gao, Ji Dong, Xiang Li, Zhen Tao Su |
| A | | Biochemical Changes in Rat Brain Exposed to Low Intensity 9.9 GHz Microwave Radiation | 9.9 GHz - 0.125 mW/cm2 (SAR 1 W/kg) | 2h/35d | | 2012-(1) | R. Paulraj, J. Behari |
| A | | Enzymatic alterations in developing rat brain cells exposed to a low-intensity 16.5 GHz microwave radiation | 16.5 GHz | 2h/35d | | 2012-(1) | R. Paulraj, J. Behari |
| F | | Insight into the biological effects of non-ionizing radiation through the properties of the electromagnetic waves | 35 MHz – 3 GHz (environment) | 6min, 30min, 1h, 24h/4d, 6d, 20d | | 2012-(12) | A. S. Skouroliakou, N. E. Sagioglou, A. F. Fragopoulou, I. K. Giannarakis, A. K. Manta , M. P. Ntzouni, L. H. Margaritis |
| F | | Parametric mechanism of excitation of the electroencephalographic rhythms by modulated microwave radiation | 450 MHz (7-70 Hz modulated) - 0.16 mW/cm2 | - | | 2011-(9) | Hiie Hinrikus, Maie Bachmann, and Jaanus Lass |
| F | | Effect of microwave radiation on human EEG at two different levels of exposure | 450 MHz (SAR 0.003-0.303 W/kg (1g)) | (1 min off, 1 min on) x10 /1d | | 2011-(11) | Anna Suhhova, Maie Bachmann, Deniss Karai, Jaanus Lass, Hiie Hinrikus |
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