ELF-EMF Hazards Experiments
Fields surrounding electrical lines, transformers and others affect life processes
→ An introductory text will be included shortly ...
↓ tables updated: 09/10/2020
Applied Fields - Hazards
ELF-EMF Hazards Experiments
ELF-EMF effects on Behaviour ║ ELF-EMF effects on Brain: Various changes ║ ELF-EMF effects on Embryos/Pups ║ ELF-EMF effects on Sperm, Testis or Ovaries ║ Histopatological changes caused by ELF-EMF exposure ║ Proteome changes after ELF-EMF irradiation ║ Protein folding/conformation changes induced by ELF-EMF ║ Oxidative Stress provoked by ELF-EMF radiation ║ Apoptosis or Cell Growth afffected by ELF-EMF ║ DNA Damage caused by ELF-EMF exposure ║ Cancer as side effect of ELF-EMF exposure ║ ELF-EMF effects on the Heart ║ ELF-EMF effects on Bacteria ║ Various / Other changes provoked by ELF-EMF
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| F |  | Protective effects of blueberry anthocyanin extracts on hippocampal neuron damage induced by extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field ("chemical remedy") | 50 Hz - 0.3 mT | 8h/30d |  | 2020-(19) | Xiyun Sun, Zihan Xu, Yuehua Wang, Ning Liu |
| F |  | An Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Global Cerebral Ischemia Affect Pituitary ACTH and TSH Cells in Gerbils | 50 Hz - 0.5 mT | 7d | | 2019-(6) | Snežana Rauš Balind, Milica Manojlović‐Stojanoski, Branka Šošić‐Jurjević, Vesna Selaković, Verica Milošević, Branka Petković |
| A |  | The Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Visual Learning & Memory and Anatomical Structures of the Brain in Male Rhesus Monkeys (in Farsi) | 5-30 Hz - 0.7 mT | 4h/30d | | 2018-(1) | Elahe Tekieh, Masomeh Kazemi, Hasan Tavakoli, Mehdi Saberi, Hosean Ghanaati, Mostafa Hajinasrollah, Maryam Salehi, Hamed Aliyary, Hedayat Sahraei |
| F | | miRNA expression profile is altered differentially in the rat brain compared to blood after experimental exposure to 50 Hz and 1 mT electromagnetic field | 50 Hz - 1 mT | 4h/60d | | 2017-(8) | Mehmet Emin Erdal, Senay Gorücü Yılmaz, Serkan Gürgül, Cosar Uzun, Didem Derici, Nurten Erdal |
| F | | Fifty-Hertz Magnetic Field Affects the Epigenetic Modulation of the miR-34b/c in Neuronal Cells | 50 Hz - 1 mT | 4-72h | | 2017-(17) | Claudia Consales, Claudia Cirotti, Giuseppe Filomeni, Martina Panatta, Alessio Butera, Caterina Merla, Vanni Lopresto, Rosanna Pinto, Carmela Marino, Barbara Benassi |
| F | | Variations of Glutamate Concentration Within Synaptic Cleft in the Presence of Electromagnetic Fields: An Artificial Neural Networks Study | 50-250 Hz - 0.1-2 mT | 15-55min /1d |  | 2015-(14) | Neda Masoudian, Gholam Hossein Riazi, Ali Afrasiabi, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Modaresi, Ali Dadras, Shahrbanoo Rafiei, Meysam Yazdankhah, Atiye Lyaghi, Mostafa Jarah, Shahin Ahmadian, Hossein Seidkhani |
| A | | Effects of two different waveforms of ELF MF on bioelectrical activity of antennal lobe neurons of Morimus funereus (Insecta, Coleoptera) | 50 Hz - 2mT | 5-15min /1d | | 2015-(1) | Dajana Todorović, Zlatko Prolić, Branka Petković, Aleksandar Kalauzi |
| A | | Effects of the static and ELF magnetic fields on the neuronal population activity in Morimus funereus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) antennal lobe revealed by wavelet analysis | 50 Hz - 2 mT | 5min, 15min/1d | | 2014-(1) | Sladjana Spasić , Srdjan Kesić, Gordana Stojadinović, Branka Petković, Dajana Todorović |
| F |  | Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Modulates Na + Currents in Rat Cerebellar Granule Cells through Increase of AA/PGE2 and EP Receptor-Mediated cAMP/PKA Pathway | 50 Hz - 0.4-1 mT | 10-60min /1d | | 2013-(13) | Yan-Lin He, Dong-Dong Liu, Yan-Jia Fang, Xiao-Qin Zhan, Jin-Jing Yao, Yan-Ai Mei |
| F | | The influence of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field on the basal ganglia structures of the rat brain | 50 Hz - 0.05-0.5 mT | 7h/5d x 13 | | 2011-(12) | Igor O. Gojković, Smiljana D. Para, Radoslav B. Gajanin, Milica D. Matavulj, Vesna K. Rajković, Goran D. Spasojević |
| F | | Weak Environmental Magnetic Fields Inhibit Spontaneous Bioelectrical Activity in Snail Neurons | 50 Hz - 0.002-0.2 mT | - | | 2010-(7) | Mehri Kaviani Moghadam, Mohammad Firoozabadi, Mahyar Janahmadi |
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| F | | Association Between Maternal Exposure to Magnetic Field Nonionizing Radiation During Pregnancy and Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort | 40-800 Hz (measuring) | - | | 2020-(11) | De-Kun Li, Hong Chen, Jeannette R. Ferber, Andrew K. Hirst, Roxana Odouli |
| F | | Life history traits of a temporary water ostracod Heterocypris incongruens (Crustacea, Ostracoda) are affected by power frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic environmental pollution | 50 Hz - 0.15 mT | 24h/4-22d | | 2020-(8) | B. Bieszke, L. Namiotko, T. Namiotko |
| F | | Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields Induce Developmental Toxicity and Apoptosis in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos | 50 Hz - 0.03-0.8 mT | 96h | | 2014-(9) | Ying Li, Xingfa Liu, Keran Liu, Wei Miao, Cheng Zhou, Yang Li, Hongjuan Wu |
| F | | Correlation between Exposure to Magnetic Fields and Embryonic Development in the First Trimester | - | - | | 2014-(6) | Xiu-Juan Su, Wei Yuan, Hui Tan, Xiang-Yun Liu, Dan Li, De-Kun Li, Guo-Ying Huang, Li-Wen Zhang, Mao-Hua Miao |
| F | | The effects of prenatal and neonatal exposure to electromagnetic fields on infant rat myocardium | 50 Hz - 3 mT | 4h/20d | | 2010-(6) | Hamid Tayefi, Amac Kiray, Muge Kiray, Bekir Ugur Ergur, Husnu Alper Bagriyanik, Cetin Pekcetin, Mustafa Fidan, Candan Ozogul |
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| F | | Effect of low-frequency electric field screening on motility of human sperm | 50 Hz - 0.007 mT | 5-30m/1d | | 2020-(8) | Romuald Górski, Małgorzata Kotwicka, Izabela Skibińska, Magdalena Jendraszak, Stanisław Wosiński |
| F | | Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of High Voltage Overhead Power Lines and Female Infertility | - | - | | 2019-(6) | Sedigheh Esmailzadeh, Mouloud Agajani Delavar, Ashraf Aleyassin, Sayyed Asghar Gholamian, Amirmasoud Ahmadi |
| F | | The effect of 20-week continuous 60 Hz magnetic field exposure on testicular function in sprague-dawley rats | 60 Hz - 0.2 mT | 24h/140d | | 2018-(8) | Sungman Park, Young-Jin Kim, Min Soo Kim, Hee-Sung Kim, Min-Woo Kim, Yeon-Mi Kang, Sang-Kon Lee, Kyoung-Chan Choi, Nam Kim, Youn-Myoung Gimm, Yoon-Won Kim |
| F | | The effect of Non-ionizing electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz in Rat ovary: A transmission electron microscopy study | 50-60 Hz | -/56d - 91d | | 2016-(8) | Amir Afshin Khaki, Arash Khaki, Seyed Shahin Ahmad |
| F | | Effects of extremely low-frecuency electromagnetic field exposure during prenatal period on biomarkers of oxidative stress and pathology of ovarian tissue in F1 generation | 50 Hz - 3 mT | 4h/21d | | 2013-(7) | Hamideh Gharamaleki, Kazem Parivar, Jafar Soleimani Rad, Leila Roshangar, Mehrdad Shariati |
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| F | | Histological Changes to the Rat Mandibular Condyle in Response to Long-term Exposure to an Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field | 1.5 mT | 4h/180d | | 2019-(4) | Ibrahim H. Tacir, Sabiha Z. Ulku, Muzaffer A. Ketani, Mehmet Z. Akdag |
| F | | Effects of 50 Hz extremely low frequency sinusoidal magnetic fields on the apoptosis of the hearts of preincubated chicken embryos at different levels of developments | 50 Hz - 1.33-7.32 mT | 24h/1d | | 2013-(9) | Maryam Shams Lahijani, Dariush Minai Tehrani, Narges Fereydouni |
| A | | Effects of sinusoidal electromagnetic fields on histopathology and structures of brains of preincubated white leghorn chicken embryos | - 1.33-7.32 mT | 24h/1d | | 2011-(1) | Maryam Shams Lahijani, Mohammad Reza Bigdeli, Sima Kalantary |
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| F | | Effect of 50-Hz Magnetic Fields on Serum IL-1β and IL-23 and Expression of BLIMP-1, XBP-1, and IRF-4 | 50 Hz - 0.001-2 mT | 2h/60d | | 2019-(8) | Setare Molaei, Mahdi Alahgholi-Hajibehzad, Mohammad Gholamian-Hamadan, Zohre Zaerieghane, Alireza Zamani |
| F | | Proteomic Analysis of Extremely Low-Frequency ElectroMagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) With Different Intensities in Rats Hippocampus | 50 Hz - 0.5-1 mT | 3h /14-28d | | 2018-(9) | Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani, Hadi Hasanzadeh, Samaneh Seyyedi, Farhad Ghoujeghi, Vahid Semnani, Hakimeh Zali |
| F | | Proteomic Analysis of the Effect of Extremely Low- Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (ELF-EMF) With Different Intensities in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Line | 50 Hz - 0.5-1 mT | 60min/1d | | 2017-(5) | Mostafa Rezaie-Tavirani, Hadi Hasanzadeh, Samaneh Seyyedi, Hakimeh Zali |
| F | | Effect of ELF-EMF Exposure on Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line: a Proteomics Analysis | 50 Hz - 2 mT | 3h/1d | | 2014-(6) | Hadi Hasanzadeh, Mostafa Rezaie-Tavirani, Samaneh Sadat Seyyedi, Hakimeh Zali, Saeid Heydari Keshel, Majid Jadidi, Ali Abedelahi |
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| F | | Competition between N–H bending vibration and α-helix polarization under 50 Hz magnetic field in SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells | 50 Hz - 1.4 mT | 6h/1d | | 2020-(8) | Emanuele Calabrò, Monica Currò, Maria Teresa Caccamo, Riccardo Ientile, Salvatore Magazù |
| F | | Unfolding-induced in Haemoglobin by Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields: A FTIR Spectroscopy Study | 50 Hz - 1 mT | 4h/1d | | 2014-(5) | Emanuele Calabrò, Salvatore Magazù |
| F | | Electromagnetic fields with 217 Hz and 0.2 mT as hazardous factors for tubulin structure and assembly (in vitro study) | 50-217 Hz - 0.2 mT | 5min. 15min, 30min/1d | | 2013-(10) | Ali Afrasiabi, Gholam Hossein Riazi, Ali Dadras, Elaheh Tavili, Behafarid Ghalandari, Ali Naghshineh, Hamid Mobasheri, Shahin Ahmadian |
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| A | | The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on the Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Role of Oxidative Stress | 0.016 mT | - | | 2019-(1) | Majid Bagheri Hosseinabadi, Narges Khanjani |
| F | | Effects of prenatal exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field on testicular tissues of male rats | 50 Hz - 0.5 mT | 24h/+60d | | 2019-(4) | Devrim Saribal, Erkan Erdem |
| F | | Effect of 50 Hz electromagnetic field generated nearby high voltage alternating current transmission lines on prooxidant antioxidant balance in selected internal organs of rats | 50 Hz | 24h/28d | | 2018-(2) | Pawel Sowa, Grzegorz Cieslar, Aleksander Sieron, Karolina Sieron |
| F | | Effect of electromagnetic fields and antioxidants on the trace element content of rat teeth | 0.00248 mT | 8h/26-52d | | 2017-(6) | Mehmet Sinan Dogan, Mehmet Cihan Yavas, Yasemin Yavuz, Sait Erdogan, İsmail Yener, İbrahim Simsek, Zeki Akkus, Veysel Eratilla, Abdulsamet Tanik, Mehmet Zulkuf Akdag |
| F | | The Impact of Electromagnetic Radiation of Different Parameters on Platelet Oxygen Metabolism – In Vitro Studies | 50 Hz, 1 KHz | 30min/1d | | 2015-(5) | Małgorzata Lewicka, Gabriela A. Henrykowska, Krzysztof Pacholski, Artur Szczęsny, Maria Dziedziczak-Buczyńska, Andrzej Buczyński |
| F | | Effect of computer radiation on weight and oxidant-antioxidant status of mice | - | 8h, 16h/49d | | 2015-(4) | Xuexian Pei, Qijun Gu, Dongdong Ye, Yang Wang, Xu Zou, Lianping He, Yuelong Jin and Yingshui Yao |
| F | | Oxidative and antioxidative responses in submandibular and parotid glands of rats exposed to long-term extremely low frequency magnetic field | 50 Hz - 0.1-0.5 mT | 2h/304d | | 2014-(7) | Mehmet Akdağ , Mehmet Zülküf Akdağ , Süleyman Daşdağ , Özcan Erel |
| F | | Age-Dependent Effects of ELF-MF on Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Mongolian Gerbils | 50 Hz - 0.1-0.5 mT | 24h/7d | | 2013-(9) | Vesna Selaković, Snežana Rauš Balind, Lidija Radenović, Zlatko Prolić, Branka Janać |
| F | | Effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field on caspase activities and oxidative stress values in rat brain | 0.1-0.5 mT | 2h/304d | | 2010-(12) | Mehmet Zulkuf Akdag, Suleyman Dasdag, Engin Ulukaya, Ali Kemal Uzunlar, Mustafa Ayberk Kurt, Abdullah Taşkın |
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| F | | CT2A Cell Viability Modulated by Electromagnetic Fields at Extremely Low Frequency under No Thermal Effects | 7.8-51 Hz - 0.03-0.1 mT | 12d/1-7d | | 2019-(7) | Olga García-Minguillán, Raquel Prous, Maria del Carmen Ramirez-Castillejo, Ceferino Maestú |
| F | | Magnetic Fields Trump Oxygen in Controlling the Death of Erythro-Leukemia Cells | 60 Hz - 0.001 mT | - | | 2019-(14) | Ying Li, Paul Héroux |
| F | | Electromagnetic field-induced converse cell growth during a long- term observation | 60 Hz - 1 mT | 24h/3d | | 2013-(10) | Ji-Eun Bae, Ji-Yeon Do, Soon-Hwan Kwon, Sang-Dae Lee, Yong Woo Jung, Soo-Chan Kim, Kwon-Seok Chae |
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| F | | Quality assessment of DNA and hemoglobin by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field | < 0.05 mT | - | | 2020-(7) | Rezvan Zendehdel, Sareh Asadi, Somayeh Alizadeh, Mouhammad Ranjbarian |
| A | | Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of 50 Hz 1 mT electromagnetic field on larval rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Baltic clam (Limecola balthica) and common ragworm (Hediste diversicolor) | 50 Hz - 1 mT | 24h/12-40d | | 2020-(1) | Milda Stankevičiūtė, Magdalena Jakubowsk, Janina Pažusienė, Tomas Makaras, Zbigniew Otremba, Barbara Urban-Malinga, Dariusz P. Fey, Martyna Greszkiewicz, Gintarė Sauliutė, Janina Baršienė, Eugeniusz Andrulewicz |
| A | | DNA damage from long-term occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields among power plant workers | - | - | | 2019-(1) | Majid Bagheri Hosseinabadi, Narges Khanjani, Mehdi Mirzaii, Pirasteh Norouzi, Amir Atashi |
| A | | DNA effects of low level occupational exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (50/60 Hz) | 50-60 Hz - 0.004-0.05 mT | - | | 2019-(1) | Rezvan Zendehdel, Il Je Yu, Behnam Hajipour-Verdom, Zahra Panjali |
| F | | In Vivo Cytotoxicity Induced by 60 Hz Electromagnetic Fields under a High-Voltage Substation Environment | 60 Hz - 0.0088 mT, 2mT | 24h/3-10d | | 2018-(9) | J. Antonio Heredia-Rojas, Abraham Octavio Rodríguez-De la Fuente, Ricardo Gomez-Flores, Omar Heredia-Rodríguez, Laura E. Rodríguez-Flores, Michaela Beltcheva, Ma. Esperanza Castañeda-Garza |
| F | | Genotoxicidad de los campos magnéticos de frecuencia extremadamente baja determinada mediante el ensayo de micronúcleos | 50 Hz - 0.2 mT | 24h/7-28d | | 2012-(225) | Encarnación Olmos Ortíz |
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| F | | Health Hazards from High Power Electrical Lines Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Exposure in Riyadh Area Saudi Arabia | - | - | | 2018-(5) | Mahmoud Hassan El-Bidawy, Abdurrahman I. Altheyab, Mounir Zeerban, Waheed Mahmoud Alharizi |
| A | | Case-control study on occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields and glioma risk | - | - | | 2017-(1) | Michael Carlberg, Tarmo Koppel, Mikko Ahonen, Lennart Hardell |
| F | | Exposure of Extremely-Low Frequency (ELF) Magnetic Field May Cause Human Cancer | 50 Hz - 0.5-1 mT | 20-40min /7d | | 2017-(8) | Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei, Shahnaz Razavi, Fereshteh Koosha, Marzieh Salimi |
| F | | Geographical Distribution of Childhood Acute Leukaemia in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara, Mexico and Its Correlation with the Wireless and High Voltage Network | - | | 2015-(5) | Leonardo Soto Sumuano, Carlos Ruiz Chavez, Alberto Tlacuilo-Parra, Roberto Garibaldi Covarrubias, Hugo Romo Rubio, Mijail Suarez Arredondo, Jesus Arriaga Dávila |
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| A | | 50 Hz magnetic field affects heart rate variability – an experimental study | 50 Hz - 0.004 mT | - | | 2018-(1) | Tarmo Koppel, Inese Vilcane, Mikko Ahonen |
| F | | The effects of exposure to electromagnetic field on rat myocardium | 50 Hz - 3 mT | 4h/60d | | 2013-(8) | Amac Kiray, Hamid Tayefi, Muge Kiray, Husnu Alper Bagriyanik, Cetin Pekcetin, Bekir Ugur Ergur, Candan Ozogul |
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| F | | Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on bacterial membrane | 50 Hz - 1 mT | 2h/1d | | 2015-(9) | Sule Oncul, Esra M. Cuce, Burak Aksu, Ayse Inhan Garip |
| A | | A Study of the Interaction between ELF-EMF and Bacteria | 50 Hz - 3 mT | - | | 2012-(1) | Shaobin Gu, Guowei Lu, Ying Wu, Shichang Li, Yunxia Zhao, Kewei Li |
| F | | Evaluations of the Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Growth and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 50 Hz - 2 mT | -/1d | | 2012-(8) | B. Segatore, D. Setacci, F. Bennato, R. Cardigno, G. Amicosante, R. Iorio |
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| F | | Effects of Electromagnetic Fields and their Shielding on the Growth of Dwarf Runner Beans | 50 Hz - 0.007 mT | - | | 2020-(15) | Romuald Górski, Hanna Dorna, Agnieszka Rosińska, Dorota Szopińska, Stanisław Wosiński |
| F | | Effect of Moringa oleifera leaves extract against electromagnetic field impairments on hemoglobin and testes of rat ("chemical remedy") | 50 Hz - 1.5 mT | 9h/1d | | 2020-(10) | Aida A. Salama, Aziza A. Elsaeid, H. M. Shoman, Ola Mohamed Awad |
| A | | A 50-Hz magnetic-field exposure promotes human amniotic cells proliferation via SphK–S1P–S1PR cascade mediated ERK signaling pathway | 50 Hz - 0.4 mT | - | | 2020-(1) | Liangjing Chen, Yongpeng Xia, Jingchun Lu, Qixin Xie, Anfang Ye, Wenjun Sun |
| A | | Immune response of mollusk Onchidium struma to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF, 50 Hz) exposure based on immune-related enzyme activity and De novo transcriptome analysis | 50 Hz - 0.1-0.5 mT | 7d | | 2020-(1) | Mingming Zhang, Jiawei Wang, Qirui Sun, Hu Zhang, Peng Chen, Qiang Li, Yinan Wang, Guo Qiao |
| A | | Effects of Pesticides and Electromagnetic Fields on Honeybees: A Field Study Using Biomarkers | - | 24h/180d | | 2020-(1) | Daniela Lupi, Paolo Tremolada, Mario Colombo, Roberto Giacchini, Roberto Benocci, Paolo Parenti, Marco Parolini, Giovanni Zambon, Marco Vighi |
| F | | Effects of Various Densities of 50 Hz Electromagnetic Field on Serum IL-9, IL-10, and TNF-α Levels | 50 Hz - 0.001-2 mT | 2h/60d | | 2020-(9) | Hanie Mahaki, Naghi Jabarivasal, Khosro Sardarian, Alireza Zamani |
| A | | Effect of sinusoidal and pulsed magnetic field exposure on the chronological aging and cellular stability of S. cerevisiae | 25 Hz - 1.5 mT | 8h/40d | | 2019-(1) | Silvia Mercado-Sáen, Antonio M. Burgos-Molina, Beatriz López-Díaz, Francisco Sendra-Portero, Miguel J. Ruiz-Gómez |
| F | | The effects of electromagnetic fields on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells | 50 Hz - 1 mT | 8h/1d | | 2018-(10) | Niyousha Nasrabadi, Zahra‐Soheila Soheili, Abouzar Bagheri, Hamid Ahmadieh, Yashar Amizadeh, Farzin Sahebjam, Faraj Tabeie, Mozhgan Rezaei Kanav |
| F | | Biochemical, Molecular and Mutagenic Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Vicia faba L Seedlings | 50 Hz - 0.720-4.0 mT | 24h/10d | | 2018-(16) | Reda M. Gaafar, Adel El-Shanshoury, Mohamed R. Eldakak, Mohamed Elhiti |
| F | | Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and risk for central nervous system disease: an update of a Danish cohort study among utility workers | - | - | | 2017-(10) | Camilla Pedersen, Aslak Harbo Poulsen, Naja Hulvej Rod, Patrizia Frei, Johnni Hansen, Kathrine Grell, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Joachim Schüz, Christoffer Johansen |
| F | | Antioxidant Effects of Allium cepa and Cinnamon on Sex Hormones and Serum Antioxidant Capacity in Female Rats Exposed to Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields ("chemical remedy") | 50 Hz - 3mT | 4h/42d | | 2016-(5) | Elham Mansouri , Ahmad Keshtkar , Amir Afshin Khaki , Arash Khaki |
| F | | Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (ELF-MF) Exposure Sensitizes SH-SY5Y Cells to the Pro-Parkinson’s Disease Toxin MPP+ | 50 Hz - 1 mT | 6-72h | | 2016-(14) | Barbara Benassi, Giuseppe Filomeni, Costanza Montagna, Caterina Merla, Vanni Lopresto, Rosanna Pinto, Carmela Marino, Claudia Consales |
| F | | Effect of 50Hz Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on the DNA Methylation and DNA Methyltransferases in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cell Line GC-2 | 50 Hz - 1-3 mT | (5min on - 10 min off) 24h/3d | | 2015-(11) | Yong Liu, Wen-bin Liu, Kai-jun Liu, Lin Ao, Julia Li Zhong, Jia Cao, Jin-yi Liu |
| F | | Effects of Long-Term 50Hz Power-Line Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Cell Behavior in Balb/c 3T3 Cells | 50 Hz - 2.3 mT | 2h/5d x 11 | | 2015-(13) | Guang-Zhou An, Hui Xu, Yan Zhou, Le Du, Xia Miao, Da-Peng Jiang, Kang-Chu Li, Guo-Zhen Guo, Chen Zhang, Gui-Rong Ding |
| F | | Effects of extremely low frequency alternating-current magnetic fields on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (fish) | 50 Hz - 0.03-0.2 mT | 24h/30d | | 2015-(7) | Ying Li, Bixiao Ru, Xingfa Liu, Wei Miao, Kai Zhang, Lili Han, Haijun Ni, Hongjuan Wu |
| F | | Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) on Catalase, Cytochrome P450 and Nitric Oxide Synthase in Erythro-leukaemic Cells | 50 Hz - 1 mT | 1-24h /1d | | 2014-(8) | Antonia Patruno, Shams Tabrez, Mirko Pesce, Shazi Shakil, Mohammad A. Kamal, Marcella Reale |
| F | | Melatonin protects rat cerebellar granule cells against electromagnetic field-induced increases in Na+ currents through intracellular Ca2+ release | 50 Hz - 1 mT | 1h/1d | | 2014-(11) | Dong-Dong Liu, Zhen Ren, Guang Yang, Qian-Ru Zhao, Yan-Ai Mei |
| F | | Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on paraoxonase serum activity and lipid peroxidation metabolites in rat | 60 Hz - 0.5 mT | -/1d, 24h/14d | | 2014-(9) | Soroush Seifirad, Shahrokh Farzampour, Mitra Nourbakhsh, Mahsa Mohammad Amoli, Maryam Razzaghy-Azar, Bagher Larijani1 |
| A | | Short- and long-term exposure to alternating magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects rat pituitary ACTH cells: Stereological study | 50 Hz - 0.5 mT | -/1d, 3d, 90d | | 2014-(1) | Snežana Rauš Balind, Milica Manojlović-Stojanoski, Verica Milošević, Dajana Todorović, Ljiljana Nikolić, Branka Petković |
| F | | Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields inhibits T-type calcium channels via AA/LTE4 signaling pathway | 50 Hz - 0.2 mT | - | | 2014-(11) | Yujie Cui, Xiaoyu Liu, Tingting Yang, Yan-Ai Mei, Changlong Hu |
| F | | Effect of low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure on oocyte differentiation and follicular development | 50 Hz - 3 mT | 4h/21d | | 2013-(16) | L. Roshangar, B. A. Hamdi, A. A. Khaki, Soleimani Rad, S. Soleimani-Rad |
| F F | | -Further support for the alignment of cattle along magnetic field lines: reply to Hert et al. -Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields disrupt magnetic alignment of ruminants | - | - | | 2011-(7) 2009-(6) | Hynek Burda, Sabine Begall, Jaroslav Cervený, Julia Neef, Pavel Nemec |
| F | | ELF Non Ionizing Radiation Changes the Distribution of the Inner Chemical Functional Groups in Human Epithelial Cell (HaCaT) Culture | 1mT | 24h/1d | | 2009-(9) | Antonella Lisi, Sabrina Rieti, Antonio Cricenti, Arianna Flori, Renato Generosi, Marco Luce, Paolo Perfetti, Alberto Foletti, Mario Ledda, Emanuela Rosola, Livio Giuliani, Settimio Grimaldi |
Comparative table of different magnetic intensities from natural sources and artificial sources (with 60 Hz AC electricity usage) at different distances (approx.)
| Element of generation | 0.15 m | 0.6 m | 30 m | 60 m | 100 m |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geomagnetic field | 0.03 mT - 0.06 mT (depending geolocation) | ||||
| Schumann Resonance | 0.000000001 mT | ||||
| Electric Line (115 kV) | 0.003 mT | 0.00065 mT | 0.00017 mT | 0.00004 mT | 0.00002 mT |
| Electric Line (230 kV) | 0.0057 mT | 0.00195 mT | 0.00071 mT | 0.00018 mT | 0.00008 mT |
| Electric Line (500 kV) | 0.00867 mT | 0.00294 mT | 0.00126 mT | 0.00032 mT | 0.00014 mT |
| Electric Shaver | 0.01 mT | - | - | - | - |
| Vaccum Cleaner | 0.03 mT | 0.001 mT | - | - | - |
| Electric Oven | 0.0009 mT | - | - | - | - |
| Dish Washer | 0.002 mT | 0.0004 mT | - | - | - |
| Microwave Oven | 0.02 mT | 0.001 mT | - | - | - |
| Hair Dryer | 0.03 mT | - | - | - | - |
| Computers | 0.0014 mT | 0.0002 mT | - | - | - |
| Fluorescent Lights | 0.004 mT | 0.0002 mT | - | - | - |
| Copy Machines | 0.009 mT | 0.0007 mT | - | - | - |
The artificial sources magnetic fields are measured only for the 60 Hz frequency, other fields may be generated (for example microwaves from computers).
Table data for artificial sources adapted from: ISSN 2348-117X. Volume 3, Issue 2. April 2014. Living bodies exposed to natural and artificial extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. Girish Kulkarni & W. Z. Gandhare.
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