Electromagnetism, Blood Flow and Coagulation

" It can be proved, that additional energy in the blood flow is formed by electromagnetic forces. They arise from the heart rotating dipole and transmit to all the living body cells by the ac current. It is provided by the electroacoustic phenomena of the colloid system, RBC electromagnetism and oxygen electronegativity in the cell mitochondria. The electric impulse from the heart initiates an oscillating electric field around the red blood cells, and an emerging repulsing electromagnetic force promotes the blood flow, in addition to the pulse pressure from the myocardial contraction. Outstripping the flow, the modulated signal ECG initiates the viscoelastic changes in the blood (Figure 3)." {Credits 1}

" In the structural rearrangement of the blood and a central role can behave the erythrocyte’s controllability by the electromagnetic field. The erythrocyte can be viewed as a toroidal dielectrophoretic electromagnetic field-driven cell that maintains its zeta potential via a dielectric constant (chloride anion) that resides between a negatively charged membrane surface and a positively charged Stern layer. There are ferromagnetic (iron) and ferroelectric (chloride anion) influences that may be crucial to the maintenance of this zeta potential [18] that protects cells from aggregation. The functional properties of hemoglobin such as the binding of O2, the Bohr effect, and the cooperativity are explained based on the magnetic correlations. This analysis suggests that magnetism could be involved in the functioning of hemoglobin [19]." {Credits 1}

" In the venous blood, electromagnetic forces contribute to the mutual attraction of the RBCs due to the deoxygenated (paramagnetic) hemoglobin, increasing blood elasticity." {Credits 1}

" In the arterial blood (Womersley number in ascending aorta—13.2) electromagnetic forces on the oxygenated (diamagnetic) hemoglobin facilitate mutual repulsion of RBC and freeling of oxygen in plasma." {Credits 1}

" Cells’ metabolic and cell-to-cell long-range electromagnetic signaling activities are accompanied by the generation of endogenous electromagnetic fields. Dynamic variations in the length of cytoskeleton microtubules, attached to membrane microdomains were identified as a driving force of cell membrane mechanical vibrations [24]." {Credits 1}

" The selective influence on the blood structures under the electromagnetic influence indicates the predispositions to the specific information." {Credits 1}

{Credits 1} 🎪 Beraia, M., & Beraia, G. (2022). Electromagnetism, Blood Flow and Coagulation. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 15(7), 187-197. © 2024 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.