Short-Term In Vitro Exposure of Human Blood to 5G Network Frequencies: Do Sex and Frequency Additionally Affect Erythrocyte Morphometry?

" These results indicate that 5G RF-EMR exposure significantly alters erythrocyte morphometry. The strongest effects were observed at 700 MHz, where men exhibited greater membrane roughness, and women showed larger and rounder erythrocytes. These findings suggest that short-term in vitro 5G RF-EMR exposure disrupts the cytoskeleton, increasing membrane permeability and deformability."

{Credits 1} 🎪 Žura, N.; Vince, S.; Perić, P.; Vilić, M.; Malarić, K.; Rimac, V.; Golubić Ćepulić, B.; Vajdić, M.; Jurak, I.; Milinković Tur, S.; et al. Short-Term In Vitro Exposure of Human Blood to 5G Network Frequencies: Do Sex and Frequency Additionally Affect Erythrocyte Morphometry? Biomedicines 2025, 13, 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020478. © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.