Radiofrequency radiation-induced changes in Leydig cell function

" Following exposure, morphological alterations were examined using Giemsa staining, while proliferation and cell cycle progression were evaluated by BrdU-ELISA and PI-based flow cytometry. BrdU assays showed a progressive reduction in DNA synthesis across conditions, indicating suppressed proliferative activity. Consistently, cell cycle analysis revealed accumulation of cells in G1 phase with a corresponding decline in S-phase population at longer durations, suggesting checkpoint activation. These changes were supported by morphological alterations such as cell rounding, loss of adherence, and membrane blebbing, features associated with stress-induced antiproliferative responses. Overall, these findings indicate that RFR disrupts cellular morphology, DNA synthesis, and cell cycle progression in a frequency- and time-dependent manner, highlighting Leydig cell vulnerability to prolonged exposure and potential implications for male reproductive health." {Credits 1}

{Credits 1} 🎪 Jangid, P., Rai, U., Sevak, J.K. et al. Radiofrequency radiation-induced changes in Leydig cell function. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39244-6. © 2026 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.