The Collision between Wireless and Biology

" This article examines the historical development of the concept of energy of activation, which has been used in the past to frame the belief that non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation is harmless at non-thermal levels." {Credits 1}

" The power and telecommunications industries have used two arguments to support their view that human exposures to non-thermal non-ionizing radiation is inoffensive. First, the radiation is non-ionizing. Second, the energy quanta of the radiation are too weak to overcome the competing energy of thermal motion." {Credits 1}

" Modeling living tissues as sugar/water/salt, or as separate bio-molecular components such as protein, biopolymers and solvated biomolecules excludes the most essential element of the living process, which is the continuous traffic of electrons and protons maintained by metabolism. These currents are required by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and their vulnerability to NTER [Non-Thermal Electromagnetic Radiation] is enhanced by the anatomy of OXPHOS [Oxidative Phosphorylation]." {Credits 1}

" In a more complete model, and from the principle of superposition, oscillating electric or magnetic fields penetrating from the environment will alter the tissue’s electron and proton currents. These can be far more easily disturbed by external electromagnetic fields than ionic species. To be biologically active, NTER does not need to produce ionized targets or electronic currents itself, but only to disturb those already provided by biology." {Credits 1}

" These traveling electrons are inevitably pulled on by external alternating electromagnetic fields, changing their position and circulation. Complex I itself, with a molecular weight of 950,000 Daltons, is 1.73 billion times more massive than an electron, forming an immovable reference to the NTER action on electrons. Perturbation of electron flow in Complex I and elsewhere allows the “smaller energies” of electromagnetic radiation to control large proton fluxes into the inter-membrane space of mitochondria." {Credits 1}

" Turning briefly to electrical engineering, small electric or magnetic fields impacting large currents should be familiar. Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFET, the most common transistor in digital circuits) use electric fields to control currents 2.9 x 1015 times larger. Spin tunnel junction magnetic sensors (Spin TJ 2024) offer detectabilities of 100 pT/Hz1/2 at 1 kHz. The MOSFET and Spin TJ examples illustrate the large sensitivities that are achieved in semiconductor devices, and that could find analogs in biological systems." {Credits 1}

" This may explain why certain investigators (Hutter 2006) have documented human symptoms of electromagnetic radiation exposures at tens of μW/m2." {Credits 1}

{Credits 1} 🎪 Héroux, P. (2025). The Collision between Wireless and Biology. Heliyon. © 2025 The Author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.