Possible Electromagnetic Effects on Abnormal Animal Behavior Before an Earthquake

" it seems plausible as the result of comparisons, that the electromagnetic emissions in the ULF and lower ELF range are found to exhibit very similar characteristics in terms of the three relationships. Those emissions suggest a distinct temporal evolution: a first peak around one week before an EQ, followed by a second peak just before the EQ. This temporal change appears to be consistent with (or similar to) that of unusual animal behavior; the temporal evolution of unusual animal behavior also yields two peaks, a broad one about a week before an EQ and another just before the EQ." {Credits 1}

" Based on the intense comparison of characteristics of abnormal animal behavior and seismogenic electromagnetic radiation in a wide frequency range, we come to the conclusion that lower frequency (such as ULF and ELF) electromagnetic emissions are a plausible candidate to explain abnormal animal behavior before an EQ." {Credits 1}

{Credits 1} 🎪 Hayakawa, M. (2013). Possible electromagnetic effects on abnormal animal behavior before an earthquake. Animals, 3(1), 19-32. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license.