%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Michelle Le, Cristian Fernandez-Palomo, Fiona E. McNeill, Colin B. Seymour, Andrew J. Rainbow, Carmel E. Mothersill
Exosomes are released by bystander cells exposed to radiation-induced biophoton signals: Reconciling the mechanisms mediating the bystander effect
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 13 0 R/Contents 14 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
13 0 obj
[15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R]
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref001)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref005)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref006)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref008)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref003)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref002)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref009)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref010)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref011)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref013)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref014)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref015)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref016)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref017)>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref011)>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref013)>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref013)>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref018)>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref019)>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref020)>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref021)>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref024)>>
endobj
37 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref011)>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref025)>>
endobj
39 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref026)>>
endobj
40 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref013)>>
endobj
41 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref023)>>
endobj
42 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 46 0 R>>
endobj
46 0 obj
<>
endobj
43 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 47 0 R>>
endobj
47 0 obj
<>
endobj
44 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 48 0 R>>
endobj
48 0 obj
<>
endobj
45 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 49 0 R>>
endobj
49 0 obj
<>
endobj
14 0 obj
[50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R]
endobj
50 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.45 0.36 0.35 0.01 k
0 w
575.9997 633.9101 m
199.9998 633.9101 l
199.9998 634.4101 l
575.9997 634.4101 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
203.4142 536.9386 m
208.1764 536.9386 l
h
f*
213.3354 536.9386 m
218.0976 536.9386 l
h
f*
474.1795 458.9291 m
478.9417 458.9291 l
h
f*
484.1575 458.9291 m
488.863 458.9291 l
h
f*
363.2315 419.9244 m
367.9937 419.9244 l
h
f*
306.1417 406.9417 m
310.9039 406.9417 l
h
f*
291.2315 393.9024 m
295.9937 393.9024 l
h
f*
300.4724 393.9024 m
309.9969 393.9024 l
h
f*
319.2378 380.9197 m
328.7055 380.9197 l
h
f*
333.9213 380.9197 m
343.389 380.9197 l
h
f*
307.5024 354.8976 m
317.0268 354.8976 l
h
f*
368.2772 354.8976 m
377.8016 354.8976 l
h
f*
382.2803 354.8976 m
391.748 354.8976 l
h
f*
461.1969 354.8976 m
470.7213 354.8976 l
h
f*
504.3969 276.9449 m
513.9213 276.9449 l
h
f*
519.0803 276.9449 m
528.6047 276.9449 l
h
f*
402.3496 237.9402 m
411.8173 237.9402 l
h
f*
203.4142 172.9134 m
212.9386 172.9134 l
h
f*
428.2016 159.9307 m
437.726 159.9307 l
h
f*
442.148 159.9307 m
451.6724 159.9307 l
h
f*
242.1354 133.9087 m
251.6598 133.9087 l
h
f*
256.8189 133.9087 m
266.3433 133.9087 l
h
f*
335.452 133.9087 m
344.9764 133.9087 l
h
f*
465.3354 133.9087 m
474.8598 133.9087 l
h
f*
340.3276 107.9433 m
349.7953 107.9433 l
h
f*
523.3323 107.9433 m
532.8567 107.9433 l
h
f*
537.2787 107.9433 m
546.8031 107.9433 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
11.4998 0 0 11.4998 200.0125 706.3937 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0035 Tc
0 0 Td
(Conclusion)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
9.5 0 0 9.5 200.0125 689.3858 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0042 Tc
0 0 Td
(This)Tj
2.0886 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.59 0 Td
(supports)Tj
4.0162 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.7699 0 Td
(role)Tj
1.8619 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3725 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.7383 0 Td
(released)Tj
4.0043 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2021 0 Td
(UV)Tj
1.5993 0 Td
(biophoton-e)Tj
5.2158 0 Td
(xposed)Tj
3.4075 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
-33.8664 -1.474 Td
(cells)Tj
2.1901 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9846 0 Td
(eliciting)Tj
3.4971 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.5652 0 Td
(responses)Tj
4.7861 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8619 0 Td
(also)Tj
2.029 0 Td
(indicates)Tj
4.1177 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.7698 0 Td
(reconciliation)Tj
5.9677 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.9565 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5994 0 Td
(UV-)Tj
-36.3251 -1.468 Td
(mediated)Tj
4.2847 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.5653 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.6437 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8678 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5934 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.5653 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.6436 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.7451 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.8142 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.4169 0 Td
(suggested)Tj
4.7801 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.9847 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.5993 0 Td
(litera-)Tj
-36.5041 -1.474 Td
(ture)Tj
1.9215 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0503 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.3129 0 Td
(mediated)Tj
4.2908 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.2651 0 Td
(soluble)Tj
3.3419 0 Td
(factors.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 580.9889 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Introduction)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 563.9811 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Cells)Tj
2.1599 0 Td
(subjected)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(both)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(non-ionizing)Tj
5.4595 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(ionizing)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(radiation)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(capacity)Tj
3.4752 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(generate)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(com-)Tj
-35.4158 -1.2982 Td
(munication)Tj
4.8585 0 Td
(signals)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(subsequently)Tj
5.4028 0 Td
(cause)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(biological)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(changes)Tj
3.4016 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(distant)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
(non-irradiated)Tj
6.1001 0 Td
(cells)Tj
-34.8715 -1.2983 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(1)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.5908 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(phenomenon)Tj
5.5956 0 Td
(whereby)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(intercellular)Tj
5.0456 0 Td
(communication)Tj
6.6104 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(biological)Tj
-30.9654 -1.3039 Td
(change)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(initiated)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(result)Tj
2.4492 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(irradiation)Tj
4.5127 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(referred)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
1.4683 0 Td
[()20()6()12()4()22()7()4()11()12()6()12( )4(\n)7()7()]TJ
7.285 0 Td
[()12(\r)2()9()11()16()6()4()2()]TJ
-32.1503 -1.2983 Td
[()1()9()7(\n)-4()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
2.2053 0 Td
(\(RIBE\).)Tj
3.2371 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7859 0 Td
(RIBE)Tj
2.33 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(shown)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(elicit)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(spectrum)Tj
3.9628 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(that)Tj
-34.7015 -1.2982 Td
(reflect)Tj
2.6928 0 Td
(biological)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
(responses)Tj
4.0989 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(closely)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(representative)Tj
5.8337 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(characterized)Tj
5.5558 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(directly-)Tj
-33.7887 -1.3039 Td
(irradiated)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(cells.)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(Sister)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(chromatid)Tj
4.3993 0 Td
(exchanges,)Tj
4.5184 0 Td
(micronuclei)Tj
5.04 0 Td
(formation,)Tj
4.49 0 Td
(apoptosis,)Tj
4.2123 0 Td
(genomic)Tj
3.6736 0 Td
(insta-)Tj
-35.0359 -1.2983 Td
(bility,)Tj
2.4831 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(mitochondrial)Tj
5.9697 0 Td
(dysfunction)Tj
4.972 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(demonstrated)Tj
5.7599 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(subse-)Tj
-33.3465 -1.2983 Td
(quent)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(receipt)Tj
2.9481 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(signals)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(directly-irradiated)Tj
7.5061 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(populations)Tj
4.9492 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-25.8801 -1.2982 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(communication)Tj
6.6103 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1443 0 Td
(signals)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(directly-irradiated)Tj
7.5061 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(cells)Tj
-34.5654 -1.304 Td
(can)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(accomplished)Tj
5.6976 0 Td
(via)Tj
1.3719 0 Td
(various)Tj
3.1465 0 Td
(mechanisms)Tj
5.2044 0 Td
(including)Tj
4.0421 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(facilitation)Tj
4.5014 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(molecular)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(exchange)Tj
-33.4429 -1.2982 Td
(between)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(adjacent)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(via)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(gap)Tj
1.6327 0 Td
(junctions)Tj
3.9629 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(3)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(communication)Tj
6.6104 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(distant)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(via)Tj
1.3719 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.4441 -1.2983 Td
(transfer)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(soluble)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(factors)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.5988 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(exchange)Tj
3.9345 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(volatile)Tj
3.0954 0 Td
(components)Tj
5.176 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(physically)Tj
4.1556 0 Td
(sepa-)Tj
-34.2423 -1.3039 Td
(rated)Tj
2.2733 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(populations)Tj
4.9492 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2643 0 Td
(10)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(transmission)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(electromagnetic)Tj
6.5933 0 Td
(signals)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(irradiated)Tj
-33.063 -1.2983 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(distant)Tj
2.9593 0 Td
(recipient)Tj
3.7588 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7212 0 Td
(signalled)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(via)Tj
1.3777 0 Td
(the)Tj
-33.0971 -1.2982 Td
(exchange)Tj
3.9287 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(soluble)Tj
3.0388 0 Td
(factors,)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(role)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(identified)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(variety)Tj
2.9254 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(signalling)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(molecules)Tj
4.1952 0 Td
(such)Tj
-35.5008 -1.3039 Td
(as)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(reactive)Tj
3.3166 0 Td
(oxygen)Tj
3.084 0 Td
(species)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(cytokines)Tj
3.9968 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7405 0 Td
(16)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(generation)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(of)Tj
-34.6448 -1.2983 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(responses.)Tj
4.3199 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(propagation)Tj
5.091 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(mechanism)Tj
4.8473 0 Td
(requires)Tj
3.4695 0 Td
(either)Tj
2.5342 0 Td
(direct)Tj
-33.0177 -1.2983 Td
(physical)Tj
3.4525 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(cells,)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(exchange)Tj
3.9288 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(biological)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(fluids,)Tj
2.6589 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(blood)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(serum)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(cell)Tj
-34.8545 -1.2982 Td
(culture)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(media,)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(directly-irradiated)Tj
7.506 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(non-irradiated)Tj
6.0944 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(cells,)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(or)Tj
-35.9657 -1.304 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(open)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(system)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(so)Tj
1.0885 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(facilitate)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(exchange)Tj
3.9288 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(volatile)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(components)Tj
5.1704 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(separate)Tj
-33.0064 -1.2982 Td
(organisms)Tj
4.3539 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(populations.)Tj
5.176 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1056 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(alternative)Tj
4.4221 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(mechanism,)Tj
5.074 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(role)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(electromag-)Tj
-32.3884 -1.2983 Td
(netic)Tj
2.1769 0 Td
(radiation)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(ultraviolet)Tj
4.2917 0 Td
(\(UV\))Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(wavelength)Tj
4.7225 0 Td
(range)Tj
2.4661 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(identified)Tj
4.0592 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(This)Tj
-33.6413 -1.3039 Td
(novel)Tj
2.398 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1443 0 Td
(mechanism)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(referred)Tj
3.4243 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
1.4683 0 Td
[()50()6()7()12()4()22()11()7()]TJ
5.5162 0 Td
[()12(\r)2()9()11()16()6()4()2()]TJ
4.0195 0 Td
[()1()9()7(\n)-4()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
2.2054 0 Td
(whereby)Tj
-33.7264 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(communication)Tj
6.6103 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(signals)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(via)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(light)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(fields)Tj
2.3358 0 Td
(does)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(require)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(physical)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(between)Tj
-31.0618 -1.2982 Td
(directly-irradiated)Tj
7.506 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(populations)Tj
4.955 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-18.6972 -1.304 Td
(Cellular)Tj
3.3788 0 Td
(communication)Tj
6.6161 0 Td
(mediated)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(electromagnetic)Tj
6.5933 0 Td
(radiation)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
(occurs)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(result)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(of)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
1.0148 0 Td
[()11()4()]TJ
-34.7468 -1.2982 Td
[()10()6()12()11()11()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
2.9593 0 Td
(emission)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5864 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(receipt)Tj
2.9424 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(signals)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1848 0 Td
(another)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(pop-)Tj
-35.6085 -1.2983 Td
(ulation.)Tj
3.2711 0 Td
(Biophotons)Tj
4.8416 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(characterized)Tj
5.5559 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1848 0 Td
(UV)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(visible)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(wavelength)Tj
4.7282 0 Td
(range)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(photons)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(are)Tj
-35.7559 -1.3039 Td
(emitted)Tj
3.2768 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(biological)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(materials)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
(via)Tj
1.3777 0 Td
(processes)Tj
3.9684 0 Td
(alternative)Tj
4.4164 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(conventional)Tj
5.4255 0 Td
(chemiluminescence)Tj
-29.6615 -1.2983 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(While)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(mechanisms)Tj
5.2044 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(biophoton)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(emission)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(still)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(unclear,)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(excitation)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(various)Tj
-34.1119 -1.2982 Td
(intracellular)Tj
5.0569 0 Td
(molecules)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8448 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(strong)Tj
2.7723 0 Td
(candidate)Tj
4.1045 0 Td
(mechanism)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(20)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(initiation)Tj
3.9232 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(biophoton)Tj
-32.6719 -1.2983 Td
(emission)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(biological)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(systems)Tj
3.2995 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7928 0 Td
(subsequent)Tj
4.7054 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(stress)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(induction)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1848 0 Td
(ionizing)Tj
-33.2501 -1.3039 Td
(radiation)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(24)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
3.5489 0 Td
(viral)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(infection)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(mechanical)Tj
4.7678 0 Td
(disruption)Tj
4.4107 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(25)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(While)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(observed)Tj
-32.3884 -1.2983 Td
(rates)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(biophoton)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(emission)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(typically)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(quite)Tj
2.2393 0 Td
(low)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(\(0.01)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(photons)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(per)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(second)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(per)Tj
1.5364 0 Td
(cell;)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(100)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(pho-)Tj
-35.4215 -1.2982 Td
(tons)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(measured)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(per)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(10)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 285.2787 113.4425 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 291.0047 109.0204 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(plated)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(26)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(10)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 367.2 113.4425 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 372.9259 109.0204 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(photons)Tj
3.4865 0 Td
(detected)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(per)Tj
1.5364 0 Td
(10)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 468.2834 113.4425 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(6)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 474.0661 109.0204 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(plated)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(23)Tj
0 g
(]\),)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(and)Tj
-35.8069 -1.3039 Td
(thus)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(dose)Tj
2.041 0 Td
(delivered)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.576 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(considered)Tj
4.5977 0 Td
(significant)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(enough)Tj
3.2201 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(induce)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(visible)Tj
-33.097 -1.2982 Td
(effects,)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(evidence)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(suggest)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(biophotons)Tj
4.7679 0 Td
(act)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(coherent)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(information-encodi)Tj
7.9085 0 Td
(ng)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 364.5921 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Biophoton)Tj
4.6417 0 Td
(signals)Tj
3.267 0 Td
(induce)Tj
3.111 0 Td
(exosom)Tj
3.4441 0 Td
(e)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(release)Tj
3.437 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.2615 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(cells)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.4748 0 Td
(DOI:10.137)Tj
5.0387 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.0173)Tj
3.5434 0 Td
(685)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(March)Tj
2.9551 0 Td
(9,)Tj
1.0418 0 Td
(2017)Tj
39.1042 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
0.496 0 Td
(22)Tj
ET
Q
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 696.6425 m
168.7181 696.6425 l
h
f*
160.7811 663.6472 m
178.526 663.6472 l
h
f*
36 652.6488 m
183.2315 652.6488 l
h
f*
118.9417 630.652 m
185.5559 630.652 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 708.7181 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.025 Tc
0 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(Engineering)Tj
4.5992 0 Td
(Researc)Tj
2.9977 0 Td
(h)Tj
0.6945 0 Td
(Council)Tj
2.9764 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9496 0 Td
(Canada)Tj
2.9551 0 Td
(\(url:)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
-16.7599 -1.3748 Td
(http://www)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(.nserc-crsng.)Tj
4.8969 0 Td
(gc.ca/inde)Tj
3.7772 0 Td
(x_eng.asp)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
-12.7843 -1.3748 Td
(recipient:)Tj
3.6071 0 Td
(CEM;)Tj
2.1968 0 Td
(grant)Tj
2.1473 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.1252 0 Td
(RGPIN2)Tj
3.0118 0 Td
(93153-12;)Tj
-14.0882 -1.3748 Td
(recipient:)Tj
3.6071 0 Td
(FEM;)Tj
2.0905 0 Td
(grant)Tj
2.1473 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.1252 0 Td
(RGPIN203)Tj
3.9615 0 Td
(611-12\),)Tj
-14.9316 -1.3748 Td
(Canada)Tj
2.9551 0 Td
(Research)Tj
3.6992 0 Td
(Chairs)Tj
2.5583 0 Td
(Programme)Tj
4.656 0 Td
(\(url:)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7291 0 Td
(http://)Tj
-15.5977 -1.3748 Td
(www.chai)Tj
3.6496 0 Td
(rs-chaires.g)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(c.ca/home-ac)Tj
5.0174 0 Td
(cueil-eng.)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(aspx)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
-16.6607 -1.3748 Td
(recipient:)Tj
3.6071 0 Td
(CEM;)Tj
2.1968 0 Td
(grant)Tj
2.1473 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.1252 0 Td
(950-221284)Tj
4.5638 0 Td
(\),)Tj
-15.6402 -1.3748 Td
(CANDU)Tj
3.033 0 Td
(Owners)Tj
3.0686 0 Td
(Group)Tj
2.537 0 Td
(\(url:)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7291 0 Td
(http://ww)Tj
3.4654 0 Td
(w.candu.org)Tj
4.6064 0 Td
(/)Tj
0 g
(;)Tj
-18.4395 -1.3749 Td
(recipient:)Tj
3.6071 0 Td
(CBS;)Tj
2.0197 0 Td
(grant)Tj
2.1472 0 Td
(number)Tj
3.1252 0 Td
(CRDPJ48438)Tj
5.0103 0 Td
(1-15\).)Tj
-15.9095 -1.3748 Td
(The)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(funders)Tj
3.0472 0 Td
(had)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.1693 0 Td
(role)Tj
1.6158 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.8858 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.2607 0 Td
(design,)Tj
2.9055 0 Td
(data)Tj
-15.0591 -1.3748 Td
(collection)Tj
3.7417 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
2.9623 0 Td
(,)Tj
0.4464 0 Td
(decision)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(to)Tj
0.9496 0 Td
(publish,)Tj
3.1465 0 Td
(or)Tj
-16.1221 -1.3748 Td
(preparation)Tj
4.4433 0 Td
(of)Tj
0.9496 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.3677 0 Td
(manuscript.)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-6.7606 -2.126 Td
(Competing)Tj
4.3795 0 Td
(interests)Tj
3.3307 0 Td
(:)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
0.4819 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.5875 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.0401 0 Td
(have)Tj
1.963 0 Td
(declared)Tj
-14.7827 -1.3748 Td
(that)Tj
1.6228 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.1693 0 Td
(competing)Tj
4.1599 0 Td
(interests)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
51 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
52 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
53 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
54 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
60 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
61 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
62 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
63 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
64 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
65 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
66 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
67 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
68 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
69 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
70 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
71 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
72 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
73 0 obj
<>stream
BT
10.3394 -18.6237 Td
(exist.)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
74 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 76 0 R/Contents 77 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
76 0 obj
[78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R]
endobj
78 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref018)>>
endobj
79 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref019)>>
endobj
80 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref013)>>
endobj
81 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref013)>>
endobj
82 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref013)>>
endobj
83 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref013)>>
endobj
84 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref027)>>
endobj
85 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref011)>>
endobj
86 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref011)>>
endobj
87 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref013)>>
endobj
88 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref028)>>
endobj
89 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref029)>>
endobj
90 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref030)>>
endobj
77 0 obj
[91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R]
endobj
91 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
203.4142 693.2976 m
212.9386 693.2976 l
h
f*
217.3606 693.2976 m
226.885 693.2976 l
h
f*
524.9197 654.3496 m
534.3874 654.3496 l
h
f*
302.2866 563.3008 m
311.811 563.3008 l
h
f*
399.1748 459.326 m
408.6992 459.326 l
h
f*
470.3244 446.3433 m
479.8488 446.3433 l
h
f*
486.9354 433.3039 m
496.4598 433.3039 l
h
f*
346.5071 381.3165 m
356.0315 381.3165 l
h
f*
318.7843 329.3291 m
328.252 329.3291 l
h
f*
333.4677 329.3291 m
342.9354 329.3291 l
h
f*
305.0646 264.3024 m
314.5323 264.3024 l
h
f*
423.6094 160.3276 m
433.1339 160.3276 l
h
f*
263.5654 147.3449 m
273.0898 147.3449 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(signals,)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(similar)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(binary-encoded)Tj
6.5367 0 Td
(data,)Tj
2.1373 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(exchange)Tj
3.9288 0 Td
(information)Tj
5.0797 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(biological)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(systems)Tj
-33.4656 -1.3039 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7347 0 Td
(19)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-0.5385 -1.2982 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(system)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(current)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(employed)Tj
4.1443 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(investigate)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(UV-medi-)Tj
-32.3997 -1.2983 Td
(ated)Tj
1.9048 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(characterized)Tj
5.5559 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(incubation)Tj
4.5467 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7122 0 Td
(separate)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(populations)Tj
4.9493 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(UV-)Tj
-35.773 -1.2983 Td
(transmitting)Tj
5.1987 0 Td
(vessels)Tj
2.8459 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(achieve)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(successful)Tj
4.1612 0 Td
(biophoton)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(signal)Tj
2.5455 0 Td
(transduction)Tj
5.3348 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(Briefly,)Tj
-34.2252 -1.3039 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(culture)Tj
3.033 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(directly)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(irradiated)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(beta-emitter,)Tj
5.3574 0 Td
(tritium,)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(induce)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(UV)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(biophoton)Tj
-33.4089 -1.2982 Td
(emission.)Tj
3.9968 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(biophotons)Tj
4.7678 0 Td
(emitted)Tj
3.2769 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(tritium-irradiated)Tj
7.3417 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(measured)Tj
4.1045 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(a)Tj
-35.3874 -1.2983 Td
(photomultiplier)Tj
6.5593 0 Td
(tube)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(fitted)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(interference-type)Tj
7.0753 0 Td
(band)Tj
2.2393 0 Td
(pass)Tj
1.8879 0 Td
(filters)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(found)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(exhibit)Tj
-34.0325 -1.3039 Td
(emission)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(UV-A)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(\(340)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
1.9899 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
0.7881 0 Td
(5\),)Tj
1.2585 0 Td
(UV-B)Tj
2.5852 0 Td
(\(300)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
1.9843 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
0.788 0 Td
(5\))Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(UV-C)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(\(280)Tj
/F11 1 Tf
1.9899 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
0.7881 0 Td
(5\))Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(wavelength)Tj
-30.6479 -1.2983 Td
(ranges.)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(UV-A)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(photon)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(rates)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(reached)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(1200)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(counts)Tj
2.8856 0 Td
(per)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(second)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(per)Tj
1.5364 0 Td
(10)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 463.5779 594.822 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(5)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 469.3039 590.4 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(whereas)Tj
3.4413 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(UV-B)Tj
-33.766 -1.2982 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(UV-C)Tj
2.6646 0 Td
(wavelengths)Tj
5.0853 0 Td
(exhibited)Tj
3.9288 0 Td
(weaker)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(photon)Tj
3.1295 0 Td
(emission)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(rates)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.974 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(given)Tj
-33.1764 -1.3039 Td
(activity)Tj
3.1181 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(beta)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(radiation)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9014 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.5647 0 Td
(culture)Tj
3.0331 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(incubated)Tj
4.1781 0 Td
(1.5)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(cm)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(superior)Tj
3.5716 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.9395 -1.2983 Td
(directly-irradiated)Tj
7.5061 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(monolayer)Tj
4.5298 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5171 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(accommodate)Tj
5.8336 0 Td
(biophoton)Tj
4.4106 0 Td
(signal)Tj
2.5399 0 Td
(receipt.)Tj
-32.4791 -1.2983 Td
(Upon)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(analyzing)Tj
4.0308 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(clonongenic)Tj
5.1306 0 Td
(survival)Tj
3.3336 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9161 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(received)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(UV)Tj
-34.6164 -1.3039 Td
(biophoton)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(signals,)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7824 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(found,)Tj
2.8459 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(Pearson's)Tj
3.9968 0 Td
(correlation)Tj
4.6205 0 Td
(test,)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.78 0 Td
(95%)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(killing)Tj
-34.1005 -1.2982 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5864 0 Td
(shared)Tj
2.8686 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
4.9889 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(measured)Tj
4.1046 0 Td
(UV-A)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(bio-)Tj
-35.3647 -1.2983 Td
(photon)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(flux.)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(role)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(detected)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(UV)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(biophotons)Tj
4.7679 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(eliciting)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4682 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
-30.8463 -1.2983 Td
(responses)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(further)Tj
3.0273 0 Td
(confirmed)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(placement)Tj
4.3597 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(polyethylene)Tj
5.2894 0 Td
(terephthalate)Tj
5.4481 0 Td
(UV-)Tj
-33.851 -1.3039 Td
(absorbing)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(filter)Tj
2.1146 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(directly-irradiated)Tj
7.5061 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.5589 0 Td
(populations)Tj
4.9493 0 Td
(effectively)Tj
-32.6605 -1.2983 Td
(abolished)Tj
4.0195 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(killing)Tj
2.7553 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(population)Tj
4.5864 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(UV-mediated)Tj
5.7258 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1443 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.364 0 Td
(has)Tj
-35.6708 -1.2982 Td
(since)Tj
2.2393 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(investigated)Tj
4.9833 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(keratinocyte)Tj
5.1647 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(line,)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(HaCaT)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7234 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(colon)Tj
2.4492 0 Td
(car-)Tj
-36.0167 -1.3039 Td
(cinoma)Tj
3.2201 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(lines,)Tj
2.2903 0 Td
(SW48,)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(HT29,)Tj
2.7723 0 Td
(HCT116)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(p53)Tj
1.6894 0 Td
(+/+,)Tj
1.9333 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(HCT116)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(p53)Tj
1.6893 0 Td
(-/-)Tj
1.2472 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(27)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(work)Tj
2.279 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Kaz-)Tj
-35.5064 -1.2983 Td
(nacheev)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(colleagues)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(supports)Tj
3.6793 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(idea)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(intercellular)Tj
5.0456 0 Td
(communication)Tj
6.6103 0 Td
(by)Tj
-30.9257 -1.2983 Td
(electromagnetic)Tj
6.5933 0 Td
(means)Tj
2.8063 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(demonstrated)Tj
5.7599 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(virally-infected)Tj
6.2418 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.5647 0 Td
(populations)Tj
4.9493 0 Td
(to)Tj
-36.0337 -1.3039 Td
(elicit)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(stress)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(responses)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(non-infected)Tj
5.3745 0 Td
(populations)Tj
4.9493 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.712 0 Td
(populations)Tj
4.9493 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(sepa-)Tj
-34.6277 -1.2982 Td
(rated)Tj
2.2734 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(UV-transmitting)Tj
6.9788 0 Td
(materials)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(Although)Tj
4.0082 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(did)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(describe)Tj
3.5205 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(observation)Tj
-30.6309 -1.2983 Td
(using)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(term)Tj
2.1373 0 Td
(bystander,)Tj
5.1533 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(communication)Tj
6.616 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(stress-induced)Tj
5.9923 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(nearby)Tj
-32.3997 -1.2983 Td
(reporter)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(certainly)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(fits)Tj
1.4343 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(what)Tj
2.1656 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(now)Tj
1.9616 0 Td
(call)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(effect.)Tj
2.5908 0 Td
(Despite)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(demon-)Tj
-33.3011 -1.3039 Td
(strated)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(involvement)Tj
5.2157 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(electromagnetic)Tj
6.5933 0 Td
(radiation)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(generation)Tj
4.507 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.727 0 Td
(in)Tj
-34.5257 -1.2983 Td
(response)Tj
3.7304 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(various)Tj
3.1408 0 Td
(stressors)Tj
3.6396 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(molecular)Tj
4.218 0 Td
(aspects)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6474 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(UV-bystander)Tj
5.9244 0 Td
(signal)Tj
-35.0359 -1.2982 Td
(exerts)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(its)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(upon)Tj
2.3187 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(remains)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(unclear)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(requires)Tj
3.4696 0 Td
(further)Tj
3.0273 0 Td
(investigation.)Tj
-28.4936 -1.3039 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(thus)Tj
1.9388 0 Td
(sets)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(out)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(investigate)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(molecular)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(mechanism)Tj
4.8473 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1791 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(UV)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1443 0 Td
(sig-)Tj
-35.5575 -1.2983 Td
(nals)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(potentially)Tj
4.4617 0 Td
(elicit)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(biological)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(cells.)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(Recent)Tj
2.9593 0 Td
(evidence)Tj
3.7133 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(brought)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(to)Tj
-36.1244 -1.2983 Td
(light)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(ultraviolet)Tj
4.2973 0 Td
(radiation)Tj
3.8721 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(modulate)Tj
4.0081 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(function)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0874 0 Td
(emitted)Tj
3.2769 0 Td
(from)Tj
-33.8794 -1.3039 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(keratinocyte)Tj
5.1647 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(28)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(Cicero)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
2.8743 0 Td
[()8()]TJ
0.9128 0 Td
[()11()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
(.)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(showed)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0874 0 Td
(extracted)Tj
3.8835 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.211 0 Td
(UV-B-)Tj
-33.8737 -1.2983 Td
(irradiated)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(keratinocyte)Tj
5.1704 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(able)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(induce)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(greater)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(melanin)Tj
3.5092 0 Td
(production)Tj
4.7168 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(melanocyte)Tj
-31.555 -1.2982 Td
(cells.)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(While)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1848 0 Td
(Cicero)Tj
2.8744 0 Td
(investigated)Tj
4.9889 0 Td
(UV-B)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(radiation,)Tj
4.1046 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(interactions)Tj
4.9662 0 Td
(expected)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(from)Tj
-34.5427 -1.3039 Td
(UV-A)Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(photons,)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(investigated)Tj
4.9889 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(current)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(study,)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(similar)Tj
2.9821 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3413 0 Td
(observed)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(subsequent)Tj
-32.2976 -1.2983 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(UV-B)Tj
2.5795 0 Td
(exposure)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(due)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1032 0 Td
(similarity)Tj
4.0082 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(wavelength)Tj
4.7225 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(photon)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(energy.)Tj
3.135 0 Td
(Knowledge)Tj
4.7168 0 Td
(of)Tj
-34.7297 -1.2983 Td
(UV's)Tj
2.228 0 Td
(modulatory)Tj
4.9096 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(upon)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(exosome)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(function)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(promising)Tj
4.3426 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(provide)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(point)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(rec-)Tj
-35.4157 -1.2982 Td
(onciliation)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(UV-mediated)Tj
5.726 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.3641 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(previously)Tj
4.3482 0 Td
(discussed)Tj
4.0025 0 Td
(soluble)Tj
-33.3181 -1.3039 Td
(factor-mediated)Tj
6.6103 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(effect.)Tj
2.5909 0 Td
(To)Tj
1.3379 0 Td
(elaborate,)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(extracellular)Tj
5.1306 0 Td
(vesicles)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
(derived)Tj
-32.6265 -1.2983 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(pinched)Tj
3.4526 0 Td
(off)Tj
1.3039 0 Td
(sections)Tj
3.4129 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(endosomal)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(membrane)Tj
4.5694 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(29)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5682 0 Td
(50150)Tj
3.1123 0 Td
(nm)Tj
1.5931 0 Td
(membrane-)Tj
-31.3679 -1.2983 Td
(bound)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(vesicles)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(30)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8538 0 Td
(encapsulate)Tj
4.8586 0 Td
(cytoplasmic)Tj
4.9719 0 Td
(contents)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(RNA)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.729 0 Td
(protein)Tj
3.1578 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(forma-)Tj
-34.4746 -1.3039 Td
(tion)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(subsequently)Tj
5.4084 0 Td
(released)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8426 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(extracellular)Tj
5.1307 0 Td
(space.)Tj
2.6022 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(contents)Tj
3.6282 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(can)Tj
-35.4157 -1.2983 Td
(exert)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1089 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7213 0 Td
(upon)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(result)Tj
2.4435 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(exosome)Tj
3.7303 0 Td
(migration)Tj
4.1952 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(extracellu-)Tj
-33.3861 -1.2982 Td
(lar)Tj
1.2699 0 Td
(space)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(distant)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(subsequent)Tj
4.7055 0 Td
(internalization)Tj
6.0888 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0874 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(endocytosis.)Tj
-30.6989 -1.3039 Td
(Their)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(efficiently)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(transport)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(essential)Tj
3.583 0 Td
(biological)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(molecules)Tj
4.1952 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.8806 -1.2983 Td
(intercellular)Tj
5.04 0 Td
(environment)Tj
5.4311 0 Td
(emphasizes)Tj
4.7622 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(significant)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(contribution)Tj
5.2836 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(soluble-factor-mediat)Tj
8.6173 0 Td
(ed)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 364.5921 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Biophoton)Tj
4.6417 0 Td
(signals)Tj
3.267 0 Td
(induce)Tj
3.111 0 Td
(exosom)Tj
3.4441 0 Td
(e)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(release)Tj
3.437 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.2615 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(cells)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.4748 0 Td
(DOI:10.137)Tj
5.0387 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.0173)Tj
3.5434 0 Td
(685)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(March)Tj
2.9551 0 Td
(9,)Tj
1.0418 0 Td
(2017)Tj
39.1042 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
92 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
93 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
94 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
95 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
96 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
97 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
98 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
99 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(22)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
100 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 101 0 R/Contents 102 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
101 0 obj
[103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R]
endobj
103 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref031)>>
endobj
104 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref017)>>
endobj
105 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref017)>>
endobj
106 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref029)>>
endobj
107 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref032)>>
endobj
108 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref034)>>
endobj
109 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref013)>>
endobj
110 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0173685.ref035)>>
endobj
102 0 obj
[111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R]
endobj
111 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
283.748 680.315 m
293.2157 680.315 l
h
f*
425.3102 667.3323 m
434.8346 667.3323 l
h
f*
471.685 628.3276 m
481.1528 628.3276 l
h
f*
485.5748 628.3276 m
495.0992 628.3276 l
h
f*
499.5213 628.3276 m
509.0457 628.3276 l
h
f*
514.2047 628.3276 m
523.7291 628.3276 l
h
f*
391.4079 459.326 m
400.8756 459.326 l
h
f*
394.1291 224.9008 m
403.6535 224.9008 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(intercellular)Tj
5.0456 0 Td
(signalling.)Tj
4.2973 0 Td
(Published)Tj
4.1669 0 Td
(literature)Tj
3.8778 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(demonstrated)Tj
5.7656 0 Td
(exosomes')Tj
4.2973 0 Td
(ability)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(induce)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(car-)Tj
-35.6539 -1.3039 Td
(cinogenic)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(behaviour)Tj
4.2406 0 Td
(\(tumour)Tj
3.6113 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(promotion)Tj
4.5638 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(migration)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(receiving)Tj
3.8664 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
(from)Tj
-34.9056 -1.2982 Td
(gastric)Tj
2.8402 0 Td
(tumour)Tj
3.2712 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(31)Tj
0 g
(]\))Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(induce)Tj
2.9423 0 Td
(DNA)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(damage)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(receiving)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
(exosome-)Tj
-32.5812 -1.2983 Td
(encapsulated)Tj
5.3857 0 Td
(RNA)Tj
2.2621 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(x-irradiated)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(breast)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(cancer)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-20.9932 -1.2983 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(evident)Tj
3.1634 0 Td
(role)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(intercellular)Tj
5.0513 0 Td
(signalling)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(therefore)Tj
3.8494 0 Td
(justifies)Tj
3.2712 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(consideration)Tj
-31.7591 -1.3039 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(role)Tj
1.7631 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(inducing)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(response.)Tj
3.9571 0 Td
(While)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(demonstrating)Tj
6.0888 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(involvement)Tj
-32.4905 -1.2982 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(RIBE)Tj
2.33 0 Td
(already)Tj
3.1068 0 Td
(do)Tj
1.2529 0 Td
(exist)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(published)Tj
4.1215 0 Td
(literature)Tj
3.8835 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7291 0 Td
(29)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.3946 0 Td
(32)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(34)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
3.2032 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(investi-)Tj
-34.6221 -1.2983 Td
(gation)Tj
2.7382 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(pertain)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(secondary)Tj
4.269 0 Td
(UV)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(biophotons,)Tj
4.9946 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(previously)Tj
4.3483 0 Td
(unexplored)Tj
-31.6514 -1.3039 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(novel)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(concept.)Tj
3.5886 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(rationale)Tj
3.753 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(investigating)Tj
5.3234 0 Td
(biophotons)Tj
4.7679 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(relation)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8503 0 Td
(based)Tj
-35.0359 -1.2983 Td
(upon)Tj
2.3187 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(hypothesis)Tj
4.4674 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(UV)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(biophotons)Tj
4.7678 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(act)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(elicit)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(release)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(variety)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(soluble)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(fac-)Tj
-35.943 -1.2983 Td
(tors)Tj
1.7574 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(commonly)Tj
4.5468 0 Td
(involved)Tj
3.651 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(RIBE.)Tj
2.5568 0 Td
(While)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(many)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(soluble)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(factor)Tj
2.5398 0 Td
(candidates)Tj
-32.6605 -1.3039 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(could)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(selected)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(investigation,)Tj
5.5842 0 Td
(particular)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(focus)Tj
2.33 0 Td
(upon)Tj
2.3188 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(chosen)Tj
-33.2785 -1.2982 Td
(because)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(protocols)Tj
3.9628 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(clean)Tj
2.296 0 Td
(exosome)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(isolation)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(culture)Tj
3.0388 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(well)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(established)Tj
4.5978 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.223 -1.2983 Td
(literature.)Tj
4.1045 0 Td
(Furthermore,)Tj
5.6182 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(vesicular)Tj
3.7303 0 Td
(nature)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0876 0 Td
(facilitates)Tj
3.9571 0 Td
(opportunities)Tj
5.6352 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(further)Tj
-33.8227 -1.3039 Td
(comprehensive)Tj
6.2872 0 Td
(investigation)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(extending)Tj
4.1839 0 Td
(beyond)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(investigations)Tj
5.7203 0 Td
(undertaken)Tj
4.8189 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(current)Tj
-33.5393 -1.2983 Td
(study.)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(aims)Tj
2.0976 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(assess)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
4.989 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(UV)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(biophotons)Tj
4.7678 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.6993 -1.2982 Td
(release)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(soluble)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(factors)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(signalling.)Tj
-18.7198 -1.2983 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(current)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(investigates)Tj
4.8245 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relationship)Tj
4.989 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(cellular)Tj
3.1407 0 Td
(UV)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(biophoton)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(exposure)Tj
-32.5585 -1.3039 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(release)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(response)Tj
3.7303 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(exposure.)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(system)Tj
2.9423 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(investigating)Tj
-28.9245 -1.2983 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(previous)Tj
3.6453 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(suggests)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(soluble)Tj
3.0388 0 Td
(factors,)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(including)Tj
-32.0766 -1.2983 Td
(exosomes,)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(cannot)Tj
2.9763 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(signal)Tj
2.5398 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(directly-irradiated)Tj
7.5061 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(driving)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(effect.)Tj
-34.7978 -1.3039 Td
(Our)Tj
1.8651 0 Td
(system)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(did)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(facilitate)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(any)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(medium)Tj
3.6056 0 Td
(transfer)Tj
3.3166 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(cell-cell)Tj
3.2485 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(directly-)Tj
-32.5982 -1.2982 Td
(irradiated)Tj
4.1385 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(populations,)Tj
5.1761 0 Td
(yet)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(significant)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(effects)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(could)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(still)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(observed.)Tj
-33.0914 -1.2983 Td
(With)Tj
2.279 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(mind,)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(concede)Tj
3.498 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(solutions;)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(either)Tj
2.5342 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(mutually)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(exclusive)Tj
-31.555 -1.3039 Td
(mechanisms)Tj
5.2043 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(effect)Tj
2.3698 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(induced,)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(UV)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(signal)Tj
2.5398 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(able)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(trigger)Tj
-33.9475 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(release)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(soluble)Tj
3.0388 0 Td
(factors)Tj
2.9026 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(cells.)Tj
2.1486 0 Td
(We)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(hypothesized)Tj
5.4652 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(exposure)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(to)Tj
-35.4328 -1.2983 Td
(UV)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(biophotons)Tj
4.7678 0 Td
(will)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(trigger)Tj
2.8857 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(release)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(soluble)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(factors)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(subsequently)Tj
5.4084 0 Td
(capable)Tj
3.2032 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(elicit-)Tj
-35.1437 -1.2982 Td
(ing)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(responses.)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(That)Tj
2.092 0 Td
(is,)Tj
1.0714 0 Td
(we)Tj
1.3267 0 Td
(believe)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(UV)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(biophotons)Tj
4.7679 0 Td
(emitted)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
-35.5065 -1.3039 Td
(result)Tj
2.4434 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(direct)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(beta-particle)Tj
5.2101 0 Td
(irradiation,)Tj
4.7395 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.1962 0 Td
(intermediate)Tj
5.3178 0 Td
(signal)Tj
2.5398 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(responsible)Tj
4.7508 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(trigger-)Tj
-34.5824 -1.2983 Td
(ing)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(release)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(bystander-eliciting)Tj
7.7045 0 Td
(soluble)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(factors.)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(current)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(confirmed)Tj
4.3937 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6781 0 Td
(rela-)Tj
-35.7276 -1.2983 Td
(tionship)Tj
3.5149 0 Td
(via)Tj
1.3719 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(assessment)Tj
4.6091 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(clonogenic)Tj
4.5807 0 Td
(survival)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(mitochondrial)Tj
5.9641 0 Td
(membrane)Tj
4.5637 0 Td
(potential)Tj
3.7644 0 Td
(in)Tj
-35.926 -1.3039 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.1442 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(receiving)Tj
3.8664 0 Td
(exosomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(extracted)Tj
3.8835 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(UV-exposed)Tj
5.2271 0 Td
(cells.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 273.9968 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Materials)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.989 0 Td
(methods)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
-6.4961 -1.4976 Td
(Cell)Tj
1.9134 0 Td
(culture)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 239.0173 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(HCT116)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(p53)Tj
1.6894 0 Td
(+/+)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(colon)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(carcinoma)Tj
4.4504 0 Td
(cells,)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(received)Tj
3.5376 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(gift)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(Dr)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(Robert)Tj
2.9481 0 Td
(Bristow)Tj
-32.4338 -1.3039 Td
(\(University)Tj
4.7394 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Toronto\))Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(Dr)Tj
1.3266 0 Td
(Bert)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(Vogelstein)Tj
4.456 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(35)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(cultured)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(RPMI1640)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(supple-)Tj
-32.4111 -1.2982 Td
(mented)Tj
3.2598 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(final)Tj
2.0069 0 Td
(concentration)Tj
5.8166 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(10.5%)Tj
2.6306 0 Td
(fetal)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(bovine)Tj
2.9254 0 Td
(serum)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(\(FBS\))Tj
2.4831 0 Td
(\(Gibco\),)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(mM)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(L-gluta-)Tj
-32.6265 -1.2983 Td
(mine,)Tj
2.5058 0 Td
(100)Tj
1.644 0 Td
(U/mL)Tj
2.6419 0 Td
(penicillin,)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(100)Tj
/F10 1 Tf
1.6497 0 Td
[()]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
(g/mL)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(streptomycin)Tj
5.5105 0 Td
(sulphate.)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(Cells)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(routinely)Tj
-30.8237 -1.3039 Td
(cultured)Tj
3.5659 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(75)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(cm)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 270.1417 191.4519 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 275.9244 186.9732 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(flasks)Tj
2.4037 0 Td
(\(BD)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(Falcon\),)Tj
3.4753 0 Td
(given)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(medium)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(exchanges)Tj
4.2973 0 Td
(every)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(days,)Tj
2.2224 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(pas-)Tj
-34.3386 -1.2982 Td
(saged)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(mL)Tj
1.5761 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(0.25%)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(trypsin-EDTA)Tj
5.9867 0 Td
(solution)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(when)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(reached)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(8090%)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(confluence.)Tj
-30.8917 -1.2983 Td
(Neutralization)Tj
5.9924 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(trypsinization)Tj
5.7713 0 Td
(process)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(accomplished)Tj
5.6976 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(adding)Tj
2.9933 0 Td
(7)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(mL)Tj
1.5817 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(complete)Tj
-32.292 -1.2982 Td
(growth)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(medium)Tj
3.6056 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.026 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(trypsinized)Tj
4.6714 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(suspension.)Tj
4.8642 0 Td
(Cell)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(cultures)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(routinely)Tj
3.8607 0 Td
(incubated)Tj
4.1783 0 Td
(at)Tj
-35.6312 -1.304 Td
(37C,)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(95%)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(humidity)Tj
3.9117 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(5%)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(CO)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 328.8188 133.3417 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 332.3905 134.9858 cm
BT
/F5 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(.)Tj
0.4478 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.3947 0 Td
(reagents)Tj
3.5432 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0637 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(Gibco)Tj
2.6419 0 Td
(unless)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(otherwise)Tj
4.0819 0 Td
(stated.)Tj
-33.2274 -1.2982 Td
(Cells)Tj
2.1599 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(given)Tj
2.3811 0 Td
(full)Tj
1.525 0 Td
(volume)Tj
3.1975 0 Td
(medium)Tj
3.6055 0 Td
(renewals)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(24)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(hours)Tj
2.5115 0 Td
(prior)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(experiment)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
(using)Tj
-32.8533 -1.2983 Td
(RPMI1640)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(supplemented)Tj
5.8564 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(exosome-depleted)Tj
7.4663 0 Td
(FBS)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(\(Gibco)Tj
2.9764 0 Td
(cat)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(no.)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(A2720801\))Tj
4.5695 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(place)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.3874 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(FBS)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(routine)Tj
3.1635 0 Td
(subcultivation.)Tj
6.1113 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(cell)Tj
1.559 0 Td
(culture)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(activities)Tj
3.7191 0 Td
(carried)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(out)Tj
1.5477 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4469 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.1153 -1.2983 Td
(experimental)Tj
5.4595 0 Td
(process,)Tj
3.4073 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(exosome-depleted)Tj
7.4663 0 Td
(growth)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(medium)Tj
3.6057 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(used.)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(cells)Tj
1.9163 0 Td
(intended)Tj
3.787 0 Td
(to)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 364.5921 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Biophoton)Tj
4.6417 0 Td
(signals)Tj
3.267 0 Td
(induce)Tj
3.111 0 Td
(exosom)Tj
3.4441 0 Td
(e)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(release)Tj
3.437 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.2615 0 Td
(bystander)Tj
4.5354 0 Td
(cells)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.4748 0 Td
(DOI:10.137)Tj
5.0387 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.0173)Tj
3.5434 0 Td
(685)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(March)Tj
2.9551 0 Td
(9,)Tj
1.0418 0 Td
(2017)Tj
39.1042 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
112 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
113 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
114 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
115 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
116 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
117 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
118 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
119 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
120 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(22)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
121 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 12 0 R/Annots 126 0 R/Contents 127 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
123 0 obj
<>
endobj
128 0 obj
<>
endobj
129 0 obj
<>stream
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0
11 dict begin
/FontName /TeX_CM_Roman def
/FontType 1 def
/FontBBox {-31 -250 1000 750} readonly def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontInfo 8 dict dup begin
/FullName (TeX_CM_Roman) readonly def
/BaseFontName (TeX_CM_Roman) def
end def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /C0 put
dup 1 /C1 put
dup 2 /C2 put
dup 3 /C3 put
dup 4 /C4 put
dup 5 /C5 put
dup 6 /C6 put
dup 7 /C7 put
dup 8 /C8 put
dup 9 /C9 put
dup 10 /C10 put
dup 11 /C11 put
dup 12 /C12 put
dup 13 /C13 put
dup 14 /C14 put
dup 15 /C15 put
dup 16 /C16 put
dup 17 /C17 put
dup 18 /C18 put
dup 19 /C19 put
dup 20 /C20 put
dup 21 /C21 put
dup 22 /C22 put
dup 23 /C23 put
dup 24 /C24 put
dup 25 /C25 put
dup 26 /C26 put
dup 27 /C27 put
dup 28 /C28 put
dup 29 /C29 put
dup 30 /C30 put
dup 31 /C31 put
dup 32 /space put
dup 33 /exclam put
dup 34 /quotedbl put
dup 35 /numbersign put
dup 36 /dollar put
dup 37 /percent put
dup 38 /ampersand put
dup 39 /quoteright put
dup 40 /parenleft put
dup 41 /parenright put
dup 42 /asterisk put
dup 43 /plus put
dup 44 /comma put
dup 45 /hyphen put
dup 46 /period put
dup 47 /slash put
dup 48 /zero put
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
dup 51 /three put
dup 52 /four put
dup 53 /five put
dup 54 /six put
dup 55 /seven put
dup 56 /eight put
dup 57 /nine put
dup 58 /colon put
dup 59 /semicolon put
dup 60 /less put
dup 61 /equal put
dup 62 /greater put
dup 63 /question put
dup 64 /at put
dup 65 /A put
dup 66 /B put
dup 67 /C put
dup 68 /D put
dup 69 /E put
dup 70 /F put
dup 71 /G put
dup 72 /H put
dup 73 /I put
dup 74 /J put
dup 75 /K put
dup 76 /L put
dup 77 /M put
dup 78 /N put
dup 79 /O put
dup 80 /P put
dup 81 /Q put
dup 82 /R put
dup 83 /S put
dup 84 /T put
dup 85 /U put
dup 86 /V put
dup 87 /W put
dup 88 /X put
dup 89 /Y put
dup 90 /Z put
dup 91 /bracketleft put
dup 92 /backslash put
dup 93 /bracketright put
dup 94 /asciicircum put
dup 95 /underscore put
dup 96 /quoteleft put
dup 97 /a put
dup 98 /b put
dup 99 /c put
dup 100 /d put
dup 101 /e put
dup 102 /f put
dup 103 /g put
dup 104 /h put
dup 105 /i put
dup 106 /j put
dup 107 /k put
dup 108 /l put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
dup 111 /o put
dup 112 /p put
dup 113 /q put
dup 114 /r put
dup 115 /s put
dup 116 /t put
dup 117 /u put
dup 118 /v put
dup 119 /w put
dup 120 /x put
dup 121 /y put
dup 122 /z put
dup 123 /braceleft put
dup 124 /bar put
dup 125 /braceright put
dup 126 /asciitilde put
dup 127 /Euro put
readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
M#1H5 J6o\&rtS(#v\0\V7Fe༙OYx5-cY9^%Y6
(efIOldN"wȰ;)UƽoFg/rvV$JS8_oc@
o9-eGJp}[Do]mN=4*{ܯq=eU^t6¤.vA2*Sr 2@Y0}S/8W}efFz~"7Mԗ3T3#mAE=90}c:o|y$)|DKf{(!✱դs'Xt{r6\C~-x{jFҘ{@]##')\}7l"ۂ8c.)a0KcyZ$FX(uØ!{uh\[l^d*BֿAJyPOM lJvNab?$h:`/A[ 88hxtXX*UT<NoR^@z
!cef WE(3ZmC:A~Y&w$ř/LGjq6Sπ4E0rrdyrx˫3JLqT|heT[?bqv\6Kw0ֻ#[[#Fo碜m w#ojsnlϴ=9 Żԕ)~\]G˧Ž9#iiՋToI.9[ڔl6l_vtK"JfKPč+:
Α/ (kw}
>qoF6EQO8Ql68ůĊɻ֕GNKEvw*70Uz7+*t8w͌`уg;5unV#/-VPoWHY+H%5̶bGPgsPU
v
"h$9;Ap52@\_A-0@i:0&"MW\45@27wRItgtEa5 ew#oH}TȒ)HEY$@W`rTmŽ^xlIC' U:* 3?RCG
hk~sA9+cUɅ;eoYyv@54oR
UeYPΚmu[*՛4z3vIk9UBřR29kӧf4ی4o0H?ǚ<._VhZu*`h>S
ao҄Ã(Kh',9s&/b$fGX==s2:=x?B<Ӂ:ͪbJ*EgDEg|s8, 1 4f&raBڶ]٠}$*U"*/y"7.VgS+'Q6h"3$\އ7U9چۯj1}21WH;=|{pb=x@OѢ^[ngoDU'suIҢ!+VCAb2BsSm
x\=Q,pt響m!.;jX2_f;_$䦐>{ןŌR"=@M
k9٦LnQkջy{yg+_CJ;DU.2qKf ]cj[6$i/@f ^$JnY:4*itKD"_U5Zay";4\.a`a=Bhlru M:%_8Rx=mo9ިӍj&q&dWf?K
$r\;7oU'c{apDT=Zţ!.% c/=3tg|}AGd`#oe )hZ#Č4vQnTERz*uhc}(<T~?ԀlifF!W_Qo0>Tc?gߝv|K{&h{Qza
x
2)3jd@"wSt@![*SZ4\z;,ܵ
❦u@HpΒRMroҜq{z
(`wN
PcT(Sݣ\.]ƿ}/xb)7!P3hQRwYBІd|ՔF ֺw"m%r8= (Ah&x|Fz&E{fup&rxyzNt[AqR9M9N#C1cc9w\GCUN!RaoB$e W-U7ޓweaBoֳD(c6֧droG2tʈmV):ƣDa)r8>HrVm" cu40q?$-@;o,ZUHL6$ {%c#lV_.MBa6[+U3D?rfgv,m,۠8?4}ݏşcVRy5NRP_\Wz囔Zf}&5}Hf
ڗrm@0|NL}B婭$=;Ӻ֚Dȷ;NXf9&SR85+&W]
(
ţ8q ZITrM|bd
s娶 u" ]'Q+>@2Yƭ_vh\goܡn<g$wn_` _u\J!!.5^ ϓ/q
-s#+GzKcggh҇*FAV4cOcBGcf)=Bh(CX\@"8O{J
vXgn8nڧML'D/)(tD~/wF+Ќ:/+=z
EE0\a47 =c]c9H5vEYu{[7_G7>;12ч%V3iw\i ejS}K 74E.bo(/@Q-}]8TIռqw=5ѤrXO96z 96$oXIHLg_FeBP$f`>(R6q]htif N}HjV*dMv^?;[:4HFAe@5$۬x"mS~_wOn['[]a5N1&/8yiw; Dm֣@2Ur>xHDAɵFO\[D(ki=|[2Bo)ʽɢ=ȐU;,Э(W]lC!\OV5, aeI+u