Increased aggression and reduced aversive learning in honey bees exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields

" Exposure to both 100 μT and 1000 μT ELF EMF reduced aversive learning performance by over 20%. Exposure to 100 μT ELF EMFs also increased aggression scores by 60%, in response to intruder bees from foreign hives. These results indicate that short-term exposure to ELF EMFs, at levels that could be encountered in bee hives placed under power lines, reduced aversive learning and increased aggression levels." {Credits 1}

{Credits 1} 🎪 Shepherd S, Hollands G, Godley VC, Sharkh SM, Jackson CW, Newland PL (2019) Increased aggression and reduced aversive learning in honey bees exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. PLoS ONE 14(10): e0223614. © 2019 Shepherd et al. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.